Educação e igualdade: desmontando o mito da meritocracia

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25053/edufor.v2i4.2375

Palavras-chave:

Educação, Mercado de trabalho, Capitalismo, Meritocracia

Resumo

Este artigo explora como a educação pós-guerra foi construída como a principal forma pela qual uma sociedade meritocrática poderia aparentemente ser criada na Grã-                 -Bretanha. O conceito de meritocracia de uma sociedade justa, em que há a igualdade de oportunidades na educação para todos, não importando origem nem classe social, aparentemente fornece a base segundo a qual a alocação no mercado de trabalho seria igualitária. Como este artigo argumenta, nada na educação opera fora da economia política mais ampla, o que no capitalismo é inerentemente desigual, uma vez que é sustentado pela existência de classes sociais antagonicamente opostas, separadas umas das outras pelo acesso desigual aos meios de circulação e produção. O sistema social do Reino Unido que ocorreu nos anos do pós-guerra não diminuiu as desigualdades dentro da estrutura de classes, mas sim o produto da reestruturação do trabalho, o que promoveu altas taxas de mobilidade estrutural. A “atribuição”, em vez da “capacidade”, continuou, consequentemente, a facilitar a questão da estratificação no mercado.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Spyros Themelis, University of East Anglia, Reino Unido

Senior Lecturer in Education, School of Education & Lifelong Learning. University of East Anglia, Reino Unido.

Referências

BELL, D. On meritocracy and equality. In: KARABEL, J.; HALSEY, A. H. (Ed.). Power and ideology in education. New York: Oxford University, 1978. p. 607-635.

BELL, D. The coming of post-industrial society. London: Heinemann, 1973.

BREEN, R. Is Northern Ireland and educational meritocracy? Sociology, v. 37, n. 4, p. 657-675, 2003.

BREEN, R.; GOLDTHORPE, J. H. Class inequality and meritocracy: a critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis. British Journal of Sociology, v. 50, n. 1, p. 1-27, 2001.

BREEN, R.; WHELAN, C. T. From ascription to achievement? Origins, education and entry to the labour force in Ireland. Acta Sociologica, v. 36, n. 1, p. 3-18, 1993.

BROWN, P.; TANNOCK, S. Education, meritocracy and the global war for talent. Journal of Education Policy, v. 24, n. 4, p. 377-392, 2009.

CABINET OFFICE. Getting on, getting ahead. A discussion paper analysing the trends and drivers of social mobility. London: Cabinet Office, 2008.

GOLDTHORPE, J. H. The myth of education-based meritocracy: why the theory isn’t working. New Economy, v. 10, n. 4, p. 189-193, 2003.

GOLDTHORPE, J. H.; JACKSON, M. Education based meritocracy: the barriers to its realization. In: LAREAU, A.; CONLEY, D. (Ed.). Social class: how does it work? New York: Sage, 2008. p. 93-117.

GOLDTHORPE, J. H.; MILLS, C. Trends in intergenerational class mobility in Britain in the late Twentieth century. In: BREEN, R. (Ed.). Social mobility in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University, 2004.

HEATH, A. F.; CHEUNG, S. Y. Education and occupation in Britain. In: SHAVIT, Y.; MULLER, W. (Ed.). From school to work. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998. p. 71-102.

IANNELLI, C.; PATERSON, L. Education systems have little impact on social mobility. 2006. Available at: . Accessed: July 2008.

JONSSON, J. O. Towards the merit-selective society? Stockholm: University of Stockholm, 1992.

KERR, C. The future of industrial societies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1983.

KERR, C. et al. Industrialism and industrial man. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1960.

LAYTE, R.; WHELAN, C. T. Class transformation and trends in social fluidity in the Republic of Ireland 1973-94. In: BREEN, R. (Ed.). Social mobility in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University, 2004. Chapter 7.

MACHIN, P. Higher education, family income and changes in intergenerational mobility. In: DICKENS, R.; GREGG, P.; WADSWORTH, J. (Ed.). The labour market under new labour. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2003.

MARSHALL, G.; SWIFT, A.; ROBERTS, S. Against the odds? Social class and social justice in industrial societies. Oxford: Oxford University, 1997.

ROSS, G. The second coming of Daniel Bell. The Socialist Register, v. 11, n. 331-348, 1974.

SAUNDERS, P. Might Britain be a meritocracy? Sociology, v. 29, n. 1, p. 23-41, 1995.

SAUNDERS, P. Social mobility in Britain: an empirical evaluation of two competing theories. Sociology, v. 31, n. 2, p. 261-288, 1997.

SAUNDERS, P. Unequal but fair? A study of class barriers in Britain. London: Institute for Economic Affairs, 1996.

SENNETT, R. Respect: the formation of character in an age of inequality. London: Penguin, 2004.

THE PANEL ON FAIR ACCESS TO THE PROFESSIONS. Fair access: good practice. Phase 2 Report. The Strategy Unit. London: Cabinet Office, 2009.

THEMELIS, S. Meritocracy through education and social mobility in post-war Britain: a critical examination. British Journal of Sociology of Education, v. 29, n. 5, p. 427-438, 2008.

THEMELIS, S. Social change and education in Greece: a study in class struggle dynamics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

TREIMAN, D. J. Industrialization and social stratification. Sociological Inquiry Special Issue: Stratification Theory and Research, v. 40, n. 2, p. 207-234, 1970.

TURNER, R. H. Modes of social ascent through education. In: WORSLEY, P. (Ed.). Modern sociology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Education, 1960.

WEBER, M. From Max Weber: essays in Sociology: International Library of Sociology: a social theory and methodology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 2001.

WESTERGAARD, J.; RESLER, H. Class in a capitalist society: a study of contemporary Britain. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975.

YOUNG, M. Down with meritocracy. The Guardian, June 29, 2001.

YOUNG, M. The rise of the meritocracy: 1870-2023. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1958.

Downloads

Publicado

2017-01-02

Como Citar

THEMELIS, S. Educação e igualdade: desmontando o mito da meritocracia. Educ. Form., [S. l.], v. 2, n. 4, p. 03–17, 2017. DOI: 10.25053/edufor.v2i4.2375. Disponível em: https://revistas.uece.br/index.php/redufor/article/view/120. Acesso em: 22 dez. 2024.