O contexto histórico-filosófico e o dualismo transcendental kantiano superado na razão ontológica hegeliana

Abstract

This article, employing a descriptive and explanatory methodology with a bibliographic research procedure, addresses the opposition of Hegelian ontology to Kant's transcendental theory and contextualizes the main historical-philosophical characteristics of both philosophers. The work has the following objectives: 1. Relate the periods of the history of philosophy to the historical-philosophical context in which Kant and Hegel lived; 2. Explain Kant's transcendental epistemology; 3. Elucidate the opposition of Hegelian ontological reason to Kant's transcendental dualism. The results indicate that (1) there was an overestimated projection of man, typical of the Modern period in which Kant lived, and a distrust of human rationality, perceived in the Contemporary period, which is closer to Hegel's reality; (2) it was observed that Kant creates an intermediate solution between empiricists and rationalists, proposing synthetic a priori judgment; (3) it can be said that, for Hegel, the path of criticizing reason (judgment) occurs through the ontological way, as the self-awareness of individuals does not allow them to conceive themselves as separate from the external world.