Panorama and socio-environmental impacts of floods in the state of Maranhão (1985-2014)

Abstract

Flooding is one of the most important natural phenomena for many ecosystems, occurring most frequently in humid tropical areas with low and flat relief, and which has the greatest impact on society where susceptible areas are occupied. In the state of Maranhão, the geographical configuration favors the exceptionality of this phenomenon, whose records show a succession of events with high frequency and magnitude; particularly in the northern region of the territory, namely the most populous and populated, which records the most severe damage. Considering historical records, this study was developed with the aim of analyzing the impacts of floods in a panoramic view for the entire state, using as methodological procedures analysis of bibliography related to the topic, documentary research and images from remote sensors to measure phenomena and support discussions in a comprehensive and systematic way. The result of the research presents a scenario of the occurrence of floods in the state, as well as the management of socio-environmental risks and damages. The importance of identifying areas susceptible to flooding that puts the population at risk is highlighted, especially those that reside on the banks of water bodies, which is necessary to support territorial planning policies for the urban area and management of land use and occupation.