Funcionalidade do componente N400 e aplicação em estudos de processamento figurativo
Uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46230/2674-8266-13-7263Palavras-chave:
N400, Processamento figurativo, ERP, Metáfora, Idiomático, Acesso lexicalResumo
Os estudos eletrofisiológicos permitem análises detalhadas sobre o curso temporal do processamento da linguagem. Na pesquisa em linguagem figurativa, a técnica mais empregada são os Potenciais Relacionados a Eventos (ERPs). O N400 é o componente ERP mais estudado e geralmente é descrito como um marcador de dificuldade ou esforço no processamento semântico. No entanto, muitos resultados controversos sobre o N400 foram encontrados. Duas razões principais podem ser levantadas para esses resultados: (1) dificuldades metodológicas no controle de variáveis psicolinguísticas que sabidamente afetam o processamento da linguagem e (2) diferentes interpretações sobre o que o N400 indexa. Nesta revisão sistemática nossos principais objetivos são: (1) fornecer um panorama geral dos estudos sobre o componente N400 aplicado à linguagem metafórica e idiomática e (2) discutir as diferentes visões adotadas por pesquisadores em relação às teorias funcionais do N400 e como o ERP estuda o processamento figurativo se encaixam em cada uma dessas teorias. Encontramos duas interpretações principais sobre o processo que é indexado pelo N400: N400 como um marcador de acesso lexical ou como um marcador de integração semântica. Também descobrimos que essa dicotomia tem impacto na escolha de modelos para explicar os resultados sobre o processamento da linguagem figurativa.
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