Big tech, social media algorithms, and resulting impacts on linguistic Performativity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46230/2674-8266-15-12107Keywords:
context collapse, affordance, performativity, computational abstractionAbstract
This article aims to demonstrate how big tech companies, through algorithmic choices for social network configuration, affect the communicative channel and, consequently, the production context of online linguistic performativities. For this purpose, an initial discussion about the characteristics of new digital enunciation contexts is presented (MARWICK; BOYD, 2010; VARIS, 2016), to then, using examples of linguistic activity in virtual public spaces, demonstrate that computational designs modulate scales at different levels of the performative act (AUSTIN, 1962), contributing in a supporting role, as extensions of the subject (MCLUHAN, 1964), to predatory uses of language such as the dissemination of misinformation and subversion of discourses and identities. This publication also relates temporally and thematically to the Parliamentary Inquiry Commission on Anti-democratic Acts of the Legislative Chamber of the Federal District, regarding the attacks of January 8, 2023, in the Brazilian capital, and to Bill No. 2630, the fake news law, bringing enunciations related to these recent national events as prototypical elements of the theme developed here. Finally, it proposes the need for greater user autonomy over technologies as a condition to prevent the maintenance of social inequalities and to allow power minorities to produce counter-hegemonic actions in digital environments.
Downloads
References
ALENCAR, M. T. Leitura do requerimento dá início à CPI da CLDF que investigará os atos antidemocráticos. Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.cl.df.gov.br/-/leitura-do-requerimento-da-inicio-a-cpi-da-cldf-que-investigara-os-atos-antidemocraticos. Acesso em: 05 de fev. de 2024.
ANDREJEVIC, M. The big data divide. International Journal of Communication. v. 8, p.1673–1689, 2014. Disponível em: https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2161/1163. Acesso em: 30 ago. 2023.
AUSTIN, J. How to do things with words. 1. ed. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 1962.
AUSTIN, J. Performativo-constativo. In: OTTONI, P. R. Visão performativa da linguagem. Campinas: Editora da Unicamp, 1998, p. 107-144.
BOYD, D. A. Faceted id/entity: managing representation in a digital world. 2002. 118 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Media Arts and Sciences) – Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, 2002. Disponível em: https://www.danah.org/papers/Thesis.FacetedIdentity.pdf . Acesso em: 02 ago. 2023.
BRANDTZAEG, P. B.; LÜDERS, M. Time collapse in social media: extending the context collapse. Social Media + Society, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2018. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2056305118763349. Acesso em: 09 set. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118763349
BRASIL. Câmara dos Deputados. Projeto de Lei nº 2630/2020. Institui a Lei Brasileira de Liberdade, Responsabilidade e Transparência na Internet. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/prop_mostrarintegra?codteor=2265334&filename=PR P%201%20=%3E%20PL%202630/2020. Acesso em: 07 jun. 2023.
BÜHLER, K. Sprachtheorie. Die Darstellungsfunktion der Sprache. Jena: Fischer. 1934
DAVIS, J. L.; JURGENSON N. Context collapse: Theorizing context collusions and collisions’. Information, Communication & Society, v. 17, n.4, p. 476–485, 2014. Disponível em: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2014.888458. Acesso em: 23 out. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.888458
DIJCK, J. The culture of connectivity: a critical history of social media. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2013
GABIELKOV, M; RAMACHANDRAN, A; CHAINTREAU; A; LEGOUT, A. Social clicks: What and who gets read on Twitter? ACM Sigmetrics Performance Evaluation Review, v. 44, n. 1, p. 179–192, 2016. Disponível em: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2964791.2901462. Acesso em: 15 jun. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2964791.2901462
GAVER, W. W. Technology Affordances. Proceedings of CHI'91. New York, p.79-84. 1991. Disponível em: https://www.lri.fr/~mbl/Stanford/CS477/papers/Gaver-CHI1991.pdf. Acesso em: 09 jun. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/108844.108856
GIBSON, J. J. The ecological approach to visual perception. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1986.
HALLIDAY, M. A. K. The Notion of “Context” in Language Education. In: GHADESSY, M. (ed.). Text and Context in Functional Linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1999, p. 19-24. Disponível em: https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.169. Acesso em: 05 mai. 2023.
JAKOBSON, R. Linguistics and poetics. In: SEBEOK, T. A. (ed.) Style in language. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1960, p. 350-377.
LANIER, J. You are not a gadget: a manifesto. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.
MCLUHAN, M. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964.
MALINOWSKI, B. The problem of meaning in primitive languages. In: OGDEN, C. K.; RICHARDS, I. A. The meaning of meaning. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1923, p. 296-336.
MARWICK, A.; BOYD, D. I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience. New Media & Society. v. 13, n. 1, p. 114-133. 2010. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444810365313. Acesso em: 10 ago. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810365313
MEYROWITZ, J. No Sense of Place: the impact of electronic media on social behaviour. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
MOTORYN P. General Heleno volta ao Twitter e curte publicação que diz "sermos pacíficos não adiantou". São Paulo: Brasil de Fato, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2023/01/09/general-heleno-volta-ao-twitter-e-curte-publicacao-que-diz-sermos-pacificos-nao-adiantou. Acesso em: 01 out. 2023.
PINTO, J. Performatividade radical: ato de fala ou ato de corpo. Gênero, Niterói, v. 3, n. 1, p. 101-110, 2002. Disponível em: https://periodicos.uff.br/revistagenero/article/view/31046. Acesso em: 09 ago. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22409/rg.v3i1.260
RAJAGOPALAN, K. O Austin do qual a linguística não tomou conhecimento e a linguística com a qual Austin sonhou. DELTA, v. 30, p. 105-115, 1996. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/cel/article/view/8637045. Acesso em: 23 set. 2023.
SANTOS, V. Big Data, Meio e Linguagem: novas tecnologias e práticas linguísticas. 2016. 92 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Linguística) - Faculdade de Letras, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 2016. Disponível em: https://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/items/4aac3932-98da-49b2-84e0-cf66cb0a5ec4. Acesso em: 23. Jun. 2023.
SANTOS, V. Computational affordances, context collapses and other challenges to linguistic studies. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. Campinas, v. 59, n. 1, p. 583-600, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/tla/a/RcjgTy6z5jnty8Cv9znFDGs/?lang=en. Acesso em: 03 set. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/01031813686251620200410
SELBST, A. BOYD, D; FRIEDLER, S.A; VENKATASUBRAMANIAN, S; VERTESI, J. Fairness and abstraction in sociotechnical systems. In: CONFERENCE ON FAIRNESS, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND TRANSPARENCY, 19, 2019. Atlanta: Association for Computing Machinery, 2019. p. 59–68. Disponível em: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3287560.3287598. Acesso em: 12 ago. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3287560.3287598
TUFEKCI, Z. Twitter and Tear Gas: the power and fragility of networked protest. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.
TV CÂMARA DISTRITAL. Reunião Ordinária -10H00 -CPI dos Atos Antidemocráticos -01/06/2023. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOZ1MSRnzSY. Acesso em: 15 de jun. de 2023.
VARIS, P. 2016. Digital Ethnography. In: GEORGAKOPOULOU, A.; SPILIOTI, T. The Routledge Handbook of Language and Digital Communication. London/New York: Routledge, 2016, p. 55-68.
WEN, E. General Heleno nega à CPI dos Atos Antidemocráticos ter planejado golpe de Estado. Câmara Legislativa do Distrito Federal, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.cl.df.gov.br/-/general-heleno-nega-a-cpi-dos-atos-antidemocraticos-ter-planejado-golpe-de-estado. Acesso em: 10 de jun. de 2023.
ZIKOPOULOS, P; EATON, C. Understanding Big Data: analytics for Enterprise Class Hadoop and Streaming Data. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Vinícius Vargas Vieira dos Santos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in Linguagem em Foco Scientific Journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication. The articles are simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which allows sharing the work with an acknowledgement of its authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The concepts issued in signed articles are the absolute and exclusive responsibility of their authors. Therefore, we request a Statement of Copyright, which must be submitted with the manuscript as a Supplementary Document.
- Authors are authorized to make the version of the text published in Linguagem em Foco Scientific Journal available in institutional repositories or other academic work distribution platforms (ex. ResearchGate, Academia.edu).
