Comportamentos e crenças comportamentais em automedicação à luz da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado
revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70368/brjg4e14Palavras-chave:
uso de medicamentos, automedicação, tratamento farmacológico, comportamento de risco, modelo de crenças de saúdeResumo
Este estudo buscou mapear as crenças comportamentais, normativas e de controle relacionadas ao comportamento de risco da automedicação à luz da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado e categorizar os comportamentos de automedicação (prática responsável/inadequada). Revisão de escopo realizada em bases de dados eletrônicas. Utilizou-se o acrônimo PCC (População - adultos e idosos, Conceito - automedicação, Contexto - comportamento de risco), utilizando a equação de busca: adult OR aged AND health risk behaviors OR high risk behavior OR risky behavior OR risk-taking AND self medication, nas bases de dados Embase, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Web of science e Scopus. Para extrair as crenças de comportamento, normas e controle, apoiou-se na TCP, e para obtenção dos comportamentos de risco e responsáveis da automedicação, ancorou-se na publicação da OMS. Foram incluídos 64 artigos científicos. Um percentual de 64% abordava a automedicação em geral, seguido de 31,2% sobre automedicação de antibióticos. Foram mapeados comportamentos de risco para automedicação como: usar antibiótico por conta própria, descontinuar o tratamento e usar o medicamento por conta própria sem saber a dose e o tempo de duração. A partir deles, mapeou-se atitude como: tomaria medicamento por conta própria por aliviar rápido os sintomas; norma subjetiva: Sinto-me motivado para tomar medicamento sem prescrição médica, pois valorizo a opinião de amigos e parentes e controle percebido: Usaria medicamento por conta própria por ter o hábito de ler as bulas e rótulo dos medicamentos. Tais elementos são relevantes para a elucidação e a incorporação nas estratégias de promoção do uso racional de medicamentos.
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