Métodos para redução e inativação de fatores antinutricionais em alimentos de origem vegetal: uma revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59171/nutrivisa-2023v10e11010Palavras-chave:
Vegetais, Nutrientes, Digestão, Disponibilidade biológica, Substâncias tóxicasResumo
O consumo de produtos de origem vegetal a base de plantas tem sido proposta como uma alternativa eficiente na prevenção de doenças crônicas. No entanto, diferentes plantas produzem fatores antinutricionais, que podem apresentar efeitos negativos e/ou positivos à saúde. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão integrativa, onde foram estabelecidas as seguintes perguntas norteadoras: “Os antinutrientes dos alimentos de origem vegetal são avaliados na escolha de uma dieta equilibrada e saudável?” “Qual a importância de analisar seus efeitos na saúde humana? São considerados vilões ou heróis?”. A revisão integrativa foi realizada por meio do levantamento de estudos nacionais e internacionais no Portal de Periódicos da Capes, totalizando 1094 artigos científicos. Na triagem, foram filtrados 343, dos quais 127 foram classificados para a apresentação do cenário atual e das perspectivas esperadas sobre a temática elencada. Alguns compostos com ação antinutricional, tem sido considerados danosos à saúde em virtude do seu potencial de reduzir a biodisponibilidade de nutrientes essenciais. Apesar das evidências, pesquisas relatam resultados antagônicos, pois alguns destes, tornaram-se conhecidos por seus efeitos benéficos, com potenciais terapêuticos em diversas doenças crônicas. À vista disso, o consumo de compostos com fatores antinutricionais é relativo com relação às vantagens e desvantagens à saúde, que em certos casos, podem ter desde a ação terapêutica até efeitos prejudiciais, em indivíduos susceptíveis a dietas restritivas à base de plantas. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário, adotar técnicas como imersão, cozimento, fermentação, aquecimento dielétrico, extrusão e irradiação γ, para reduzir ou inativar os compostos antinutricionais a níveis seguros na ingestão de vegetais para o consumidor.
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