Journal of Nutrition and Health Surveillance

Experience report: gastronomy and nutrition workshops

2025-09-27T16:01:05-03:00

The alliance between gastronomy and nutrition represents an effective pedagogical strategy for promoting food and nutritional education, integrating theory and practice in a dynamic and participatory manner. The present work aims to report the experience lived through workshops that combined gastronomy with nutrition, conducted at Franciscan University during 2024. Being a qualitative study of descriptive nature, elaborated from the experience report of extensionist actions carried out in the Dietetic Technique Laboratory. The workshops were planned based on principles of food and nutritional education, active methodologies, and concepts of sustainable gastronomy, prioritizing fresh and minimally processed foods. Six thematic workshops were conducted with different approaches: Slow Food (sweet and savory), restrictive preparations without gluten and lactose, use of spices and aromatic herbs, and artisanal pasta with sauces. The workshops demonstrated high efficacy in promoting food education, evidenced by participants’ engagement during practical activities and continuity of interactions through messaging groups. Participants developed culinary skills using accessible techniques and natural ingredients, reproducing recipes at home and demonstrating concrete changes in eating habits. The workshops were consolidated as a valuable tool for food education, fulfilling the purpose of democratizing scientific knowledge and promoting collective construction of knowledge that contributes to more conscious and sustainable food choices.

From the cafeteria to retail: a look to the food environment and its scholars in public schools in a brazilian municipality

2025-05-20T13:57:57-03:00

The school food environment can be considered any space where students interact with food, both within and around the school. The objective was to describe the food environments anthropometric indicators of the nutritional status of elementary public schools in a Brazilian municipality.. This is a descriptive exploratory study conducted in 2023 and 2024 in fifteen municipal schools with children aged seven to twelve years in Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Data collection was carried out in phases, under the responsibility of the lead researcher and a scientific trainee, using audits with presence/absence checklist tools, field diaries, and geolocation. The students underwent anthropometric classification of nutritional status, and in-depth interviews were conducted with actors from the school food environment.. The data were described in narratives and descriptive measures, and a problem tree illustrated the findings from the interviews. Out of the fifteen audited schools, up to 50% (n=7) had educational projects, and in up to 90% (n=13), the meals were appealing. Around the schools, there were 221 establishments: 95% (n=210) formal and 15% (n=11) informal. Among the 1,816 students evaluated using the z-score, 60% (n=1,099) had a normal Body Mass Index (BMI), 10% (n=177) were classified as obese (weight), and 99% (n=1,806) had a normal height. From the 43 interviews, the importance of school meals as the primary source of nutrition for students, in the face of food insecurity, was highlighted. The findings underscore the need for sustainable intersectoral actions to address the demands between rural and urban schools. It is suggested that future studies adopt methodologies to understand the multifaceted nature of school food environments.

Development, proximate composition, and oxidative stability of mechanically separated tilapia meatballs added with garlic extract

2025-08-18T17:09:16-03:00

Fish meatballs are a value-added product that is widely accepted, but their perishability requires the use of additives that are safe for human consumption. This study evaluated the incorporation of garlic clove extract into tilapia meatballs containing mechanically separated meat (MSM). Tilapia MSM meatballs were shaped by hand, and four formulations were developed: negative control: no additive, positive control: 0.1% butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), F3%: 3% garlic extract, and F6%: 6% garlic extract. The formulations were analyzed for nutritional quality, water-holding capacity (WHC), weight loss (WL), pH, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) after 28 days of refrigeration. The chemical composition differed from MSM, but the addition of preservatives (garlic extract and BHT) did not affect the nutritional quality of the tilapia meatballs. Although there was no change in WHC or WL, garlic extract delayed pH and TBARS parameters, especially in F6% at 21-28 days, making this product more stable than BHT, used as a reference. Therefore, tilapia meatballs formulated with garlic extract are a convenient option that meets the quality standards set by Brazilian legislation.

Longitudinal effect of sexual maturation on weight status in children aged 9 to 12 years

2025-09-09T09:38:54-03:00

Determining the stages of sexual maturation is important for observing the relationship with different factors associated with negative outcomes for the child throughout life. In this study we investigated the longitudinal effect of sexual maturation on excess body weight in children aged 9 to 12 years. This study is part of a larger study, named the Predictors of Maternal and Infant Excess Body Weight (PREDI) Study, and used data from mother-child pairs obtained at baseline and 1^st, 4^th and 5^th follow-ups. Child sexual maturation was assessed according to Tanner stages. Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression models adjusted for important covariates were used to examine the effect of sexual maturation on the child’s weight status at 9 and 12 years of age. Being large for gestational age (42.4%) and an excessive pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of the mother (42.3%) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with excess body weight in children at 9 years of age. However, no longitudinal effect of sexual maturation on weight status was found in children from 9 to 12 years of age. Pre-pregnancy BMI and weight status at birth continue to be important predictors of excess body weight in children over the years. Primary health care that follows the mother from prenatal care through the early stages of the child’s development is the best strategy to prevent excess weight in both the mother and the child over the years.

Elaboration of pork burger added with prebiotics as a fat substitute

2025-08-23T10:42:48-03:00

This study aimed to create pork burgers with polydextrose, developing three formulations: F1 (10% fat), F2 (10% fiber), and F3 (15% fiber). The centesimal composition, oxidative stability (pH, TBARS, color), and water retention capacity (WHC) were evaluated over 120 days of storage. All formulations had 19% protein, with F2 and F3 having the lowest lipid content (1.8% and 1.9%, respectively). pH values remained between 5.36 and 5.50. No lipid oxidation occurred in the polydextrose formulations during the first 60 days. The red color (a*) decreased, indicating myoglobin oxidation. F1 experienced greater water loss (7.9%), while F2 and F3 lost only 3.9%. The study concluded that polydextrose can replace fat in the product, reduce lipid oxidation, and improve yield and quality

Avaliação da presença de glúten em farinhas de aveia rotuladas como “sem glúten” comercializadas no Brasil.

2025-09-02T08:18:48-03:00

O glúten é uma proteína presente em grãos como trigo, centeio e cevada, além da aveia quando contaminada. Embora seja seguro para a maioria das pessoas, pode causar sérios problemas em indivíduos com doença celíaca, sensibilidade ao glúten não celíaca, dermatite herpetiforme e ataxia por glúten. Este estudo avaliou a presença de glúten em farinhas de aveia rotuladas como “sem glúten”, comercializadas no Brasil, utilizando o método qualitativo por fitas imunocromatográficas, com limite de detecção de 5 mg·kg⁻¹. Foram analisadas nove marcas de farinha de aveia por meio de teste de fluxo lateral, realizado em triplicata. O dispositivo utilizado é indicado para detectar glúten em matérias-primas, alimentos prontos, bebidas e superfícies ambientais. Os testes mostraram que duas marcas apresentaram glúten em todas as replicatas (22,2% das amostras). Outras duas marcas testaram positivo em apenas uma das três replicatas, sendo consideradas negativas, totalizando 77,8% de amostras com resultado negativo. Os achados indicam que, mesmo com a rotulagem “sem glúten”, há risco de contaminação cruzada em alguns produtos, o que compromete a segurança de pessoas com condições relacionadas ao glúten. O estudo destaca a importância do controle rigoroso na produção de alimentos sem glúten e o uso de métodos sensíveis e padronizados para garantir a segurança do consumidor.

Effects of continuous ethinylestradiol and drospirenone administration on body mass and mammary gland in female mice fed a standard or high-fat diet

2025-06-13T16:59:40-03:00

Combined oral contraception (COC) is used by millions of women worldwide, but some studies suggest it may increase the risk of breast cancer. Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic levels and are also risk factors for mammary gland neoplasms. This study evaluated the effects of a COC containing ethinylestradiol (EE2) and drospirenone (DRSP) on reproductive organs, particularly the histopathology of inguinal mammary glands in reproductively active female mice fed a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Adult Swiss female mice received either SD or HFD and were treated daily by gavage with distilled water [control (CTL)-SD and CTL-HFD] or 0.6 µg EE2 and 60 µg DRSP (COC-SD and COC-HFD) for 65 days. COC treatment disrupted the estrous cycle, with vaginal smears showing fewer squamous cornified cells but more leukocytes, deep cells, and mucus, characteristic of metestrus and proestrus. At the end of the experiment, COC-SD females showed body weight (BW), inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, and uterus and ovary weights similar to CTL-SD. HFD increased BW and WAT mass without altering uterus and ovary weights. COC reduced HFD-induced BW and WAT gain but increased uterus weight in COC-HFD females. Morphological analysis of mammary glands revealed no pathological signs or structural changes in acini, ducts, or lumens due to COC or diet. Notably, COC-HFD females had smaller white adipocytes than CTL-HFD, while beige adipocyte levels remained unchanged across groups. These findings suggest that EE2 and DRSP may regulate HFD-induced obesity without adversely affecting mammary gland morphology.

Nutritional risk and its association with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis

2025-07-10T20:13:47-03:00

To investigate the association between higher nutritional risk and sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients. This is a cross-sectional study of adult and elderly patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Western Bahia. For the data collection, the modified subjective global assessment was used, anthropometric measurements were taken and clinical and biochemical data were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the highest score on the subjective global assessment and anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters. A total of 98 patients were assessed, 64.3% male and 59.2% aged between 35 and 59 years. The mean modified subjective global assessment score was 11,3±3,8. The prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition together was 73.3%. A positive association was found between higher nutritional risk and female sex (p=0.014), longer duration of hemodialysis treatment (p=0.010), higher serum potassium concentration (p=0.009) and higher pre-dialysis serum urea concentration (p=0.043). Higher nutritional risk is positively associated with female sex, longer hemodialysis treatment time, hyperpotassemia, and hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The metabolic and anti-adiposity effects of oral Copaiba-oil supplementation are influenced by sex and obesity

2024-10-25T13:34:28-03:00

Copaiba oil (CO-oil) is commonly used as a topical healing and anti-inflammatory product in Brazil. However, recent data indicate that oral ingestion of CO-oil has anti-adiposity effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of oral CO-oil supplementation on body weight (BW), food intake (FI), adiposity and metabolism in male and female obese and non-obese rats. Monosodium glutamate (MSG; 4g/Kg) was administered during the first week after birth to induce hypothalamic obesity; control (CON; non-obese) rats received equimolar saline. After weaning (30 days of life), MSG and CON males and females were randomly subdivided into CO-oil supplemented (0.5mL/Kg; 3 times/week/8 weeks) and non-supplemented (NS) groups (n = 10-15 rats/group). BW, FI, feed efficiency (FE) and adiposity were registered, as well as fasting glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TGL) and total cholesterol (TC) values. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). Integrative principal component analysis (PCA) showed that chronic CO-oil supplementation alters FI and FE in MSG-obese and non-obese male rats, without modifying adiposity or metabolism. However, CO-oil supplementation of MSG-obese females reduced adiposity, TGL and improved IR, in relation to non-obese females. Thus, our data indicate that CO-oil oral supplementation influences males and females differently, having greater anti-adiposity effects and benefits on the metabolic state of obese female rats.

Pre-pregnancy nutritional status and brazilian weight gain recommendations: associations with maternal outcomes in high-risk pregnancy

2025-11-17T08:55:30-03:00

Considering the relevance of monitoring gestational weight gain for the prevention of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, specific recommendation ranges were developed for the Brazilian population in 2022. Aiming to evaluate the associations between gestational weight gain, based on these new parameters, pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) and maternal outcomes in high-risk pregnant women, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 113 postpartum women of singleton pregnancies, over 19 years and who experienced high-risk pregnancies, in a maternity hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Socioeconomic and clinical data were collected from medical records and interviews using a pre-developed questionnaire. The results demonstrated a significant association between adequate weight gain and pre-pregnancy BMI (p=0.045). Thus, of the pregnant women with high weight gain, 83% were overweight before pregnancy. High pre-gestational BMI was significantly associated with severe pre-eclampsia (p<0.001) and gestational diabetes mellitus (p=0.003). Furthermore, mild and severe pre-eclampsia were more common among pregnant women with high weight gain, while among pregnant women with insufficient gestational weight gain there was a positive association with urinary tract infection (p=0.026). In this sense, it was concluded that most participants were overweight before pregnancy and that, according to Brazilian standards, there was a high prevalence of inadequate weight gain positively associated with gestational pathologies. Therefore, in the public health context, the need to expand individualized nutritional monitoring from preconception onwards is emphasized.

Food insecurity and school feeding among students of municipal schools, Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2025-11-17T08:58:33-03:00

Food insecurity (FI) remains a persistent issue in Brazil, particularly in urban areas marked by social inequalities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of food (in)security and the quality of school meals among students enrolled in public schools in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between August and October 2024, involving 81 caregivers of students from five randomly selected municipal schools. Data were collected in person during parent-teacher meetings through a structured questionnaire addressing sociodemographic information and perceptions of school meals, along with the application of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) to assess FI. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies. The results showed that 77% of households experienced some degree of FI, with 54.1% classified as mild, 12.6% as moderate, and 10.3% as severe. Most households were headed by women (86.7%) and had low income. In 32.9% of cases, school meals were identified as the student's main meal of the day. The findings highlight the high prevalence of FI in the municipality and its association with socioeconomic vulnerability, reinforcing the importance of strengthening public policies such as the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) to ensure the human right to adequate food and promote food and nutrition security among vulnerable children.

Relevance of nutritional monitoring in patients with heart failure after surgical revascularization: a two-year analysis

2025-11-17T08:56:14-03:00

This retrospective study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate dietary habits and clinical variables related to modifiable risk factors in patients with ischemic heart failure two years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It also sought to raise awareness among patients, families, and healthcare professionals about the importance of appropriate postoperative nutritional follow-up. Dietary assessment was conducted with 12 participants using a modified food frequency questionnaire that included processed and ultra-processed foods, along with habitual food records and a social questionnaire. Qualitative analysis revealed that 100% of participants consumed ultra-processed foods prior to surgery, and this habit persisted two years postoperatively. Quantitative analysis showed that 11 participants maintained excessive intake of saturated fats, 7 of cholesterol, and 9 of sodium. Additionally, 92% of the studied population did not receive nutritional follow-up after hospital discharge. The findings suggest that patients with chronic heart failure maintained preoperative dietary patterns regarding processed and ultra-processed food consumption. The evaluation of habitual diet two years after surgery revealed characteristics that may contribute to disease progression, increased risk of rehospitalization, higher healthcare costs, and reduced quality of life.

Good manufacturing practices and food safety: evaluation of commercial restaurants in the Rio de Janeiro municipality

2025-10-11T10:10:18-03:00

The increase in out-of-home meal consumption in Brazil has highlighted the need to ensure hygienic and sanitary quality in food service establishments. In this context, the present study sought to answer the following question: to what extent do commercial restaurants in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro comply with current sanitary regulations? Therefore, the objective was to assess the degree of compliance of these establishments with food safety legislation, identifying weaknesses and potential risks to consumer health. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study evaluated five commercial restaurants using the Sanitary Inspection Checklist developed by the Municipal Health Department. Data collection took place between February and May 2025 and involved applying the checklist across eight thematic blocks, with items classified as essential, necessary, or recommended. The results showed average rates of 61.4% compliance and 30.1% non-compliance. None of the establishments achieved full compliance with essential items, representing a potential risk to food safety. The most critical sections were “Sanitation” and “Documentation and Records,” which revealed deficiencies in standardized routines and the absence of updated technical records. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) indicated significant differences among the evaluated restaurants. The lack of registered dietitians as technical managers and insufficient ongoing training were recurring factors associated with non-compliance. As an educational action, the project developed and distributed customized materials with corrective guidance for each establishment. The findings underscore the importance of qualified professionals, continuous education for food handlers, and the strengthening of health surveillance actions to ensure the food safety of the population.

Association between disability degree and presence of metabolic syndrome in adults with multiple sclerosis

2025-09-23T05:49:23-03:00

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurodegenerative, autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurodegenerative, autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause severe functional sequelae. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people living with MS and assess its association with disease progression. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Interdisciplinary Center for Assistance, Research, and Education in Neuroimmunology (CIAPEN), located in Fortaleza, Ceará. The population consisted of adult patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with MS according to the McDonald criteria. Data on sociodemographic, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity), and clinical conditions (Expanded Disability Status Scale - EDSS, time since MS diagnosis) were collected. Nutritional assessment (body mass index - BMI, waist circumference - WC), hip circumference - HC, waist-to-hip ratio - WHR, body fat percentage - % BF) and biochemical tests (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol - TC, low-density lipoprotein - LDL-c, high-density lipoprotein - HDL-c, triacylglycerols - TG) were performed. The diagnosis of MetS followed the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The results showed that the studied group had a mean age of 38.2 (10.34) years, disease duration of 6.76 years, and EDSS of 2.10 (1.92). Few patients had smoking habits (3; 4.4%) and alcohol consumption (25; 36.76%). Most participants were physically active (27; 39.70%), overweight/obese according to BMI (41; 60.29%) and % BF according to BIA (43; 63.23%), associated with central deposition of body fat, measured by WC (40; 58.82%). Regarding the biochemical profile, some patients had abnormal levels of fasting blood glucose (7; 10.29%), TC (26; 38.23%), LDL-c (22; 32.35%), TG (12; 17.64%), and HDL-c (24; 35.29%), with 17 (25%) patients of MetS. A positive association was also observed between EDSS and body composition (WC, % BF) and with TC, LDL-c, and TG values. Our results also observed a significant association between the EDSS score and the presence of MetS (p = 0.019). These results show the importance of considering strategies for preventing risk factors for MS in MS treatment.

Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in institutionalized elderly in the city of Flores, Pernambuco

2025-10-07T18:23:51-03:00

Sarcopenia is considered a syndrome and is associated with loss of muscle strength, reduced muscle mass, and poor physical performance. Elderly individuals may also present with sarcopenic obesity, a comorbidity characterized by reduced muscle strength, low muscle mass, and poor physical performance, along with excess adipose tissue. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in elderly individuals in a long-term care facility in the city of Flores, Pernambuco. This was a quantitative cross-sectional study with a sample of 31 elderly individuals over 60 years of age. Nutritional assessment, handgrip strength, calf circumference, and gait speed testing were performed to diagnose nutritional status, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, and the chi-square test was used to assess significant associations between variables. High frequencies of underweight (41.9%), reduced strength (96.8%), and poor physical performance (87.1%) were observed. The prevalence of pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia was high, with frequencies of 48.4%. Furthermore, a frequency of sarcopenic obesity (26.7%) was found, despite the majority of the population being underweight. These findings reinforce the vulnerability of elderly individuals living in long-term care facilities and the need for interventions aimed at preventing and managing these conditions.

Evaluation of SISAN management in brazilian regions: regional analysis using 2018 MapaSAN data

2025-10-20T06:40:49-03:00

The objective of this study was to analyze the consolidation of the management of the National Food and Nutrition Security System (SISAN) in Brazilian municipalities in 2018 and to contextualize the findings in light of the Organic Law on Food and Nutrition Security (LOSAN). A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted using open-access data from the 2018 MapaSAN, covering 2,319 municipalities. The results showed that 87.49% of the municipalities had unconsolidated management, with significant regional variations. The Northeast and South regions had a higher proportion of consolidated management. The presence of management bodies and the availability of resources were uneven across regions. It is concluded that the consolidation of SISAN depends on efficient governance, financial resources, and intersectoral coordination, influenced by population size and regional context. In light of LOSAN, the need for technical and financial support and monitoring by federal and state governments to strengthen SISAN is emphasized.

Food packaging for direct consumption: quantification of microbial load and assessment of consumer health risks

2025-08-20T11:07:14-03:00

Direct consumption of foods from packaging that requires mouth contact with the external surface, such as soft drink cans and drinkable yogurts, may pose a microbiological risk. If these surfaces are not properly decontaminated, there is a potential for disease transmission. This study evaluated microbial contamination on yogurt and soft drink packaging, focusing on indicator microorganisms in areas that come into contact with the consumer’s mouth. A total of 24 samples were collected from a supermarket in a municipality in the Fronteira Oeste region, RS, during the winter and spring seasons, comprising 12 yogurt and 12 soft drink samples, equally distributed between two brands of each product. Microbiological sampling was standardized on a defined area of the packaging. Molds, yeasts, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms at 35 °C, and coliforms at 45 °C were assessed. Contamination by molds and yeasts was high for both products and periods, with counts ranging from 0.4 to 46.5 CFU/cm², the highest being observed in brand A yogurt during spring. Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 25% of the groups, with elevated counts in brand A yogurt during winter. Coliforms were detected only in winter, present in all soft drink groups (both 35 °C and 45 °C) and in brand B yogurt (coliforms at 35 °C). Environmental conditions varied between periods, with higher humidity in winter. Yogurt temperatures remained within recommended limits, ranging from 1.73 to 5.68 °C. The study revealed contamination on packaging, highlighting significant counts of molds, yeasts, and Enterobacteriaceae in some of the evaluated groups. These findings indicate a potential risk to consumer health and underscore the importance of preventive measures and proper hygiene practices for packaging to avoid cross-contamination.

Preparation of educational material: nutritional guidelines for caregivers of patients in Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy

2025-09-12T08:03:31-03:00

Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy (HENT) involves changes in the family routine, and nutritional support is essential upon hospital discharge. The guidelines aim to assist the patient's recovery, minimize insecurities regarding the management of enteral nutrition, provide a better quality of family and social life, as well as prevent complications and avoid readmissions. Following this perspective, the study aimed to develop an educational material with nutritional guidelines for caregivers of patients who are candidates for HENT and are followed at a referral hospital in traumatology in Ceará, Brazil. Using the action research methodology, the study was carried out between February and June 2025 and included the following steps: knowledge of the sociodemographic profile of the participants, identification of difficulties regarding the use of enteral nutrition at home, construction of the educational material and validation of the material for health professionals and caregivers. The process of developing the material included 25 caregivers in the diagnostic phases, most of whom were female and aged 28 to 72 years old, who underwent a semi-structured interview to identify their receipts and doubts regarding HENT. The manual was created based on these data and scientific literature on the subject, and was then validated by 13 health professionals and 8 caregivers, who defined it as satisfactory and representative. The material is intended to support knowledge and assistance regarding the nutritional management of ENT in the family routine, contributing to the promotion of nutritional security, strengthening care and preventing complications.

Knowledge, perceptions and practices of mothers about the role of diet in chronic functional constipation in their children

2025-09-19T09:41:07-03:00

The study verified knowledge, perceptions and practices regarding dietary management of children with chronic functional constipation. Na exploratory, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted with 21 mothers of children with functional constipation, recruited from social media (Instagram and Facebook). Participants answered a survey form with questions about sociodemographics, knowledge, perception, and practices regarding the management of chronic functional constipation. It was observed that most mothers were between 36 and 40 years old; most of their children were between 1 and 5 years old, and 52.3% were male. Regarding the nutritional status of their children, most were eutrophic, but thinness, overweight, and obesity were also observed. Mothers cooked the foods that the family liked the most; almost all (95.2%) knew about dietary fiber and believed that a balanced diet helps treat constipation. According to the mothers, 80.9% of their children eat well, reporting intake of fruits (80.9%), vegetables (71.4%) and legumes (61.9%). Ultra-processed foods, in the mothers' view, can worsen constipation. Popcorn (23.8%); peanuts (23.8%); granola (42.8%) and beans (47.6%) were the foods that had the lowest consensus as a source of dietary fiber among the mothers. They pointed out grapes, papaya, potatoes, farofa, beans, rice and red meat as foods responsible for "constipating" the intestine. The mothers participating in the study are aware of the role of dietary fiber, however, their knowledge, perceptions and feeding practices regarding the dietary management of constipation in children are wrong.

Development and physical-chemical and sensory quality evaluation of fermented beverage of jabuticaba, chickpea and oat

2025-07-23T08:10:06-03:00

Plant-based beverages are a group of isolated or mixed substances derived from the pulp or other parts of plants, with or without the addition of other ingredients, intended for consumption. Therefore, combining these ingredients can produce a highly nutritious and functional product, also benefiting vegetarians, vegans and dietary restrictions groups. The objective was to produce fermented plant-based beverages with varying percentages of jabuticaba, chickpea, and oat extracts, adding value to native Brazilian fruits and reducing environmental waste. The formulations were characterized through physicochemical analysis and acceptability testing using the Hedonic Scale and purchase intention test. According to the physicochemical analysis results, the formulations exhibited significant differences in color, soluble solids, acidity, pH, and viscosity. To determine the ideal formulation, sensory analysis showed better results for the one with the highest concentration of jabuticaba juice (40%), achieving hedonic averages of 6 (slightly liked) for most attributes, with the exception of acidic taste, which averaged 5.67 (between "indifferent" and "slightly liked"). The product's good acceptance is reinforced, but adjustments to ingredient concentrations are necessary for superior performance in terms of purchase intention.

Nutritional profile of schoolchildren in a low-income area of southeastern São Paulo

2025-08-16T10:12:24-03:00

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the nutritional status and identify potential disparities among 6-11 year-old children enrolled in municipal schools of Registro-SP. Conducted in 2024 with 2,680 students using standardized anthropometric measurements, the research revealed a complex nutritional scenario: while 60.3% showed adequate nutritional status, significant prevalences of overweight (18.2%), obesity (13.8%), and severe obesity (5.4%) were observed. Data analysis revealed important subgroup differences. Boys showed significantly higher prevalence of severe obesity (7.5%) compared to girls (3.3%) (p<0.001). Regarding age groups, 10-11 year-olds displayed less favorable nutritional indicators than 6-9 year-olds, though urban-rural differences were not statistically significant. These findings highlight the need for specific public policies addressing: (1) strengthened school-based nutritional monitoring; (2) gender- and age-specific interventions; and (3) intersectoral health-education integration. Such measures are particularly relevant for smaller municipalities like Registro, which often remain underrepresented in national studies yet face equally complex nutritional challenges.

Snack consumption profile by schoolchildren from four municipal schools in a municipality in Minas Gerais

2025-08-14T11:38:36-03:00

This is a cross-sectional study with students in grades 3-5 of elementary school from four municipal schools in the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Data collection was conducted in 2019 and 2022. Snack consumption was assessed using a questionnaire based on self-reported information. The questionnaire included questions about school year, school shift, whether the student consumed school meals and their attendance, whether they brought snacks from home to school, and the frequency and type of snacks consumed. These questions were assessed using a food list divided into groups: fruits, breads, cakes and cookies, beverages, sweets, and others. The presence of ultra-processed snacks was assessed using the NOVA food classification. The chi-square test, the trend test, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify trends and patterns in the snacks brought by students during the analyzed periods. The study revealed that students frequently consume ultra-processed foods, such as soft drinks, sandwich cookies, and packaged snacks; although there was a concomitant increase in fruit consumption during the period analyzed. Despite progress in increasing fruit consumption, there is still a long way to go to encourage healthier eating among children, and especially to encourage the consumption of school meals rather than snacks in the school environment.

Lifestyle associated with anthropometric indicators in diabetic elderly

2025-06-20T07:13:09-03:00

Obesity in elderly individuals causes health issues and affects lifestyle, making integrated interventions for promoting longevity necessary. This study aimed to associate anthropometric indicators with lifestyle in elderly diabetics. It is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving diabetics aged ≥ 60, attended at the nutrition/diabetes outpatient clinic of the Núcleo de Atenção ao Idoso at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco from 2011 to 2019. Demographic variables (sex, age), positive lifestyle factors (physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking), and anthropometric measures (weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-Height Ratio (WHR), Calf Circumference (CC), Waist-Calf Ratio (WCR)) were evaluated. A total of 137 patients were studied, with a mean age of 69,03 ± 6,46, the majority being female (83,2%). Regarding lifestyle, 50,4% practiced physical exercise, 81% did not regularly consume alcohol, and none were smokers. Overweight prevalence was 54,7%, with elevated WC (88,3%), WHR (98,5%), and WHR (65%). Meanwhile, 90,5% had normal calf circumference. A positive lifestyle was observed in 40,9% of the sample, and it was associated with overweight BMI and eutrophic calf circumference. Therefore, the sample exhibited overweight, with cardiovascular disease risk indicated by the circumferences but no muscle mass loss as reflected in calf circumference. A healthy lifestyle was present in a smaller proportion of the sample, associated with high BMI and calf circumference. The cardiovascular disease risk, assessed by WC, showed a significant association with BMI, calf circumference and WCR.

Food insecurity and consumption of ultra-processed foods in a community of rural workers in the semi-arid region of Ceará

2025-08-06T07:47:34-03:00

Food insecurity can negatively influence diet quality, favoring the consumption of ultra-processed foods. Rural populations in situations of social vulnerability may be particularly exposed to this risk, despite the persistence of traditional dietary practices. This study aimed to describe and evaluate the relationship between food security status and food consumption according to the NOVA classification in a community of rural workers in the semi-arid region of Ceará. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 99 adults and elderly individuals. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) and three 24-hour food recalls on non-consecutive days were applied. Foods were classified according to the NOVA, and usual consumption was estimated via the Multiple Source Method. T-tests, Mann-Whitney, and Levene tests were used, with significance set at p<0.05. Most participants lived in households with some degree of food insecurity (89.9%). The average total food consumption was 1292.87 g/day, with the highest contributions from natural or minimally processed foods (1083.49 g/day) and ultra-processed foods (160.00 g/day). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with and without food insecurity. Despite the predominance of natural or minimally processed foods in the diet, consuming ultra-processed foods is relevant among rural workers. The findings reinforce the need for policies that promote sustainable access to healthy foods in vulnerable rural communities.

Keywords: Food Insecurity; Rural Workers; Ultraprocessed foods.

Nutritional status of individuals under 18 years old with cystic fibrosis: usual anthropometric index versus body composition

2025-08-05T06:56:26-03:00

Nutritional status in cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with prognosis and survival of patients, with body mass index (BMI) being the widely used parameter in clinical practice and assessment of body composition as a recommended complementary method. Aiming to assess nutritional status by comparing body mass index with body composition of individuals under 18 years of age with cystic fibrosis, a cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals under 18 years of age with cystic fibrosis (CF). Body mass index (BMI) and body weights of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were evaluated by sex and age (medical record data), comparing body composition between sexes and BMI categories. Data from 57 individuals with CF, aged between 4.1 and 17.7 years, were included. The mean BMI was 16 kg/m2 (12.5–26.3 kg/m2). There was a higher frequency of adequate BMI (77.2%), and a lower frequency (10.5%) of BMI below the recommended level. Regarding body composition, 21.1% had FM above and 33.3% had FFM below the recommended level for their age. Furthermore, of the individuals with FFM below the recommended level, 26.3% had high FM. There was a difference between the BMI categories for both FM (p = 0.003) and FFM (p = 0.016). It was concluded that BMI, although widely used, is insufficient to adequately assess the nutritional status of children and adolescents with CF, as it does not allow the identification of hidden nutritional deficits. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate detailed analysis of body composition into the assessment of nutritional status in CF.

Preoperative fasting time: evaluation after implementation of abbreviation protocol in a hospital complex in Pernambuco

2025-08-11T07:03:07-03:00

Prolonged preoperative fasting is common practice, which is harmful with worse associated metabolic repercussions with surgical procedure. Abbreviation of preoperative fasting presents good results and is not associated with additional risks. Evaluate the variation in prescribed preoperative fasting time and actual fasting time in adult and elderly patients undergoing elective surgeries in a hospital complex in Recife-PE. Retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. Adult and elderly patients of both sexes who underwent abbreviation of preoperative fasting in elective surgeries were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data, nutritional risk screening through the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 and data relating to surgical procedures. Nutritional status was assessed through anthropometry. 115 patients were evaluated, mostly elderly (≥60 years old) (65.2%), male (56.5%), with a mean age of 61.9 ± 13.7 years, and the main comorbidity observed was hypertension (61.2%). The median preoperative fasting time was 4 hours and 50 minutes ± 1 hour and 51 minutes. The largest group of surgeries performed were vascular surgeries (46.1%). Regarding nutritional risk, 64.3% were without risk. The main clinical outcome was hospital discharge (93.9%). The evaluation of effectiveness of the preoperative fasting abbreviation protocol showed a result that was at odds with the main recent guidelines on the subject. The implementation of preoperative fasting abbreviation protocol makes it possible to reduce time of food deprivation, possibly improving postoperative recovery, healing and reducing inflammatory parameters. Therefore, it is suggested that there is a need for better adherence by the teams involved in order to optimize the protocol.

The integration of school gardens with health promotion actions in Brazilian public schools: PeNSE 2019

2025-07-10T20:31:02-03:00

The use of school gardens in school meals and as a tool for Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) is configured as an intersectoral strategy for health promotion and the development of healthy eating habits within the school environment. This study aimed to analyze the presence and use of school gardens and their association with health promotion actions in Brazilian schools. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 75,831 Brazilian public schools participating in the 2019 National School Health Survey (PeNSE-2019). Data were collected using questionnaires administered via a mobile device. For this study, data from the school environment questionnaire and general school information, answered by school administrators, were used. The outcome variable was the level of garden integration (low, medium, or high). Independent variables included the presence of the School Health Program (PSE) and the implementation of health promotion actions. Multinomial logistic regression models were used, adjusted for school location and type of education, considering the survey's sampling design. A total of 75,831 schools participated. Results showed that 79.3% had a low level of garden integration, 6.4% medium, and 14.3% high. Schools with the PSE implemented showed a higher likelihood of medium integration (OR=2.72; 95% CI: 1.49–4.94), and those with health promotion actions had a greater chance of high integration (OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.04–3.00). It is concluded that the presence and use of school gardens are positively associated with the PSE and health promotion actions, although they are still not fully integrated into daily school routines.

Body composition and Metabolic Syndrome: association between fat mass index and metabolic risks in adults at a nutrition school clinic

2025-08-08T07:01:16-03:00

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a set of metabolic alterations associated with increased cardiovascular risk, influenced by body composition. This study aimed to analyze the body composition of adults treated at a nutrition school clinic and its associations with metabolic disorders. This is a cross-sectional study, with analysis of 95 medical records between March and December 2023. The sample was predominantly female (76.8%), with a predominance of the 20-29 age group (38.9%) and middle-class (57.9%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), was 65.3%, with 54.7% presenting an increased risk due to waist circumference. High fat mass index (FMI) was identified in 26.3% of participants and was associated with statistically higher glucose (median: 89 mg/dL) and triglyceride (158 mg/dL) concentrations, although still within the reference limits for the study population, in addition to reduced HDL levels (39 mg/dL), all with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The presence of MetS was significantly higher in the high FMI group (p < 0.001). No significant associations were observed between fat-free mass index (FFMI) and the presence of MetS. We conclude that high FMI is a relevant marker of metabolic risk, reinforcing the importance of assessing body composition as a clinical tool for early detection of alterations associated with MetS.

Green propolis extract in fresh cheese: influence on quality and sensory acceptance

2025-08-03T15:44:50-03:00

Fresh cheese is one of the most perishable dairy products, requiring the development of preservation technologies to extend its shelf life. Propolis, known for its richness in bioactive compounds, exhibits well-documented antimicrobial activity. In this context, the aim of this study was to produce fresh-type cheese incorporated with green propolis extract and to evaluate its influence on the sensory and qualitative properties of the product. Six cheese samples were produced: four samples were supplemented with green propolis extract at concentrations of 10% and 15%, and two control samples were prepared without the extract. The cheeses were stored under normal atmospheric conditions and vacuum packaging, and subjected to microbiological (yeasts and molds, mesophilic bacteria), physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity, weight loss, moisture content, and color), sensory, and visual aspect analyses. No statistically significant differences were observed in sensory acceptance between propolis-treated and control cheeses. The addition of 15% green propolis extract was effective in controlling microbial contamination in the analyzed samples. Over nine days of refrigerated storage, the physicochemical parameters of the treated samples remained stable, with no statistically significant variations according to the t-test. Visually, the appearance of the propolis-treated cheeses remained unchanged throughout the evaluation period. Therefore, the incorporation of green propolis extract appears to be a promising strategy for enhancing the shelf life of fresh cheese.

Clinical and nutritional characteristics of bariatric patients: a study in a hospital in the backlands of Pernambuco

2025-08-05T06:55:53-03:00

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, as it not only leads to significant and sustainable long-term weight loss but also improves metabolism and helps control various associated conditions. So, the study aimed to assess the profile of obese patients in the immediate preoperative and postoperative period of bariatric surgery at a private hospital in the backlands of Pernambuco. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020, analyzing anthropometric, clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables. The significance level considered was p<0,05. The sample consisted of 35 adults, with a predominance of females (57,1%), white ethnicity (68,6%), and an income of more than three minimum wages (62,9%). The bypass technique was performed in 83,3% of patients, who had a mean age of 41,00 ± 9,5 years, while those undergoing the sleeve technique were younger (37,82 ± 7,88 years). In the bypass technique, grade III obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were more prevalent as well. In terms of lifestyle, sedentarism (68,6%), absenteeism, and non-smoking were predominant. In the immediate postoperative period of up to 30 days, both groups followed the hospital's dietary protocol and no differences were observed regarding gastrointestinal changes or other studied variables. Therefore, the predominant profile of patients undergoing bariatric surgery was young adult women with a family history of dyslipidemia. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity, and the bypass technique was the most frequently performed procedure. No gastrointestinal changes were observed between the two surgical techniques in the immediate postoperative period.

Social and parental factors associated with overweight in children and adolescents: Household Health Survey-ISAD/PI

2025-07-11T18:17:13-03:00

The global prevalence of childhood overweight is a critical public health problem. Thus, parental obesity is an important determinant of children's nutritional status. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents and analyze associated social and parental factors. This cross-sectional study used data from the Household Health Survey in Piauí (ISAD/PI), Brazil, involving 507 children and adolescents and their parents. Childhood overweight was identified based on body mass index for age. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected through structured questionnaires, and nutritional status and abdominal obesity in parents were assessed. Statistical analyses included crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence ratios (95% CI) estimated, adopting p<0.05. The prevalence of childhood overweight was 25.05%. After adjusting for sex and age, overweight was more prevalent in children and adolescents with higher family income (p<0.05). Regarding parental variables, a high prevalence of overweight was observed in adolescents and children whose mothers had more education (p=0.012) and were obese (p=0.004); and whose fathers were aged 35-49 years (p=0.037). Abdominal obesity in the father (p=0.023) or mother (p=0.028) was significantly associated with overweight in children. Excess weight was determined by important sociodemographic variables and the nutritional status of the father or mother. Thus, the need for interventions to improve family eating and habits is evident.

PILOT PROJECT FOR CATEGORIZATION OF FOOD SERVICES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF MACAÉ, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

2025-08-08T07:00:09-03:00

Categorization is an inspection model developed during the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which assigns sanitary quality seals (A, B, C) to food establishments, providing greater transparency and safety for consumers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the Pilot Project for the Categorization of food services in the municipality of Macaé–RJ, implemented in 2023. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study based on data provided by the local sanitary surveillance authority. The project evaluated 28 food establishments between November and December 2023 through two inspection cycles: the first (educational) and the second (issuance of the seal). The study showed that the interventions were effective, resulting in 90% of establishments being categorized with the A seal in the final evaluation. Improvements in compliance with critical and classificatory items—such as the exclusive use of potable water and the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)—reflected progress in food safety. It is concluded that the Categorization Project contributes to the protection of public health and the strengthening of sanitary surveillance actions, highlighting the importance of continuing and expanding this type of initiative to promote food safety assurance in other municipalities.

Agaricus blazei Murrill does not reduces obesity or hepatic steatosis but improves glucose tolerance and hepatic cholesterol in obese mice

2025-07-10T21:12:01-03:00

Obesity is strongly associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), and there is a pressing need for new therapeutic strategies. The mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM) contains bioactive compounds with potential metabolic effects, although experimental evidence remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of ABM supplementation on metabolic and hepatic parameters in obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks to induce obesity, and subsequently assigned to three groups: OB-CTL (control, water), OB-ABM1 (10% ABM), and OB-ABM2 (5% ABM), treated by daily gavage for 12 weeks while maintaining the HFD. Body weight, food intake, adiposity, blood glucose, plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, and liver steatosis were assessed. ABM supplementation did not affect body weight, food consumption, or fat accumulation. However, OB-ABM1 mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance, as evidenced by a reduced area under the curve in the glucose tolerance test. No changes were observed in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Interestingly, both ABM-treated groups showed a significant reduction in hepatic cholesterol content, without alterations in macro- or microvesicular steatosis. In conclusion, ABM did not prevent obesity or hepatic steatosis but exerted modest beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Further studies are warranted to clarify the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of ABM supplementation, particularly in models of established obesity.

Making a serial album as a tool of encouragement of health eating habits for illiterate individuals

2025-04-15T13:16:44-03:00

The term “Inclusive Nutrition” refers to a professional approach grounded in the use of tailored strategies and resources aimed at promoting inclusion, health, and healthy eating among vulnerable populations, including individuals with disabilities, those deprived of liberty, and illiterate individuals. The objective of this study was to develop a flip chart containing nutritional guidance on healthy eating, to be used as an educational tool by nutritionists working in Primary Health Care (PHC) during individual or group-based educational activities targeting illiterate populations. This is a methodological study with a developmental design. The study encompassed the stages of planning and material development; however, the validation phase was not included. The final version of the flip chart, entitled “Nutritional Guidelines for Illiterate Individuals”, comprises 56 pages and addresses the following topics: food choices based on processing levels, illustrative meal models, portion sizes, and water intake recommendations. The tool was designed to support educational interventions aimed at illiterate individuals, in both individual and group settings. Its application seeks to foster autonomy in dietary choices and enhance adherence to nutritional recommendations, thereby contributing to health promotion and the prevention and management of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs).

Body image dissatisfaction among students in situation of high social and health vulnerability

2025-03-24T08:44:18-03:00

Dissatisfaction with body image has been identified as a relevant risk factor for the development of eating disorders, psychological distress and low self-esteem, especially in young populations exposed to contexts of social vulnerability.This cross-sectional study assessed body image dissatisfaction and its associated factors among students aged 6 to 15 years from public schools in a Brazilian capital located in areas of high health vulnerability.

The sample consisted of 291 students, randomly selected based on proportional sample calculation. Data were obtained through individual interviews, using a structured questionnaire and a body silhouette scale. Socioeconomic, anthropometric (weight and height) and self-image-related information were collected. Body dissatisfaction was categorized as “due to thinness” or “due to excess weight”. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze associated factors, with a significance level of 5%. Among 291 students (mean age: 10.9 ± 2.5 years), 62.9% reported body dissatisfaction, with 36.8% dissatisfied due to overweight and 26.1% due to thinness. Male sex and thinness (BMI) increased the risk of dissatisfaction due to thinness (OR: 1.81 and 2.27, respectively). Students with overweight/obesity had a higher risk of dissatisfaction due to overweight (OR: 3.57). No significant differences were observed in dissatisfaction between children and adolescents (p>0.05). The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions considering sex and nutritional status to minimize body dissatisfaction and promote health. The findings reinforce the importance of intervention strategies in the school environment that consider the dimensions of gender and nutritional status, promote a positive body image and contribute to the emotional well-being of children and adolescents in vulnerable social contexts.

Additives in processed foods present in elementary school students snacks

2025-05-04T16:54:08-03:00

The objective of the study was to analyze the food additives present in industrialized snacks consumed by first-year elementary school students in private schools in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Seven private schools in a city in RS participated in the study, where data collection was carried out. A total of 139 foods that had packaging with a label were counted and analyzed according to the list of ingredients. The most frequently found additives were flavorings (59%), followed by citric acid (44.6%) and soy lecithin (38.1%). It was observed that 36% of the snacks contained four to six additives and 11% more than 10. According to the classification of technological need, the most commonly found additives in snacks were for manufacturing technology (46.9%), followed by additives for sensory characteristics (34.7%) and additives for preservation (18.5%). The most frequent functions were emulsifiers (12.9%) and stabilizers (8.7%) used for manufacturing technology, and acidulants (7.4%) and preservatives (5.3%) used in food preservation. The snacks consumed by elementary school children had an excessive number of ultra-processed foods, which in their composition, had several chemical additives, which can cause several adverse reactions and health complications. It is important to note the importance of reducing the consumption of these foods and greater encouragement of the consumption of minimally processed or natural foods, as the latter are considered healthy and positive for the growth and development of children.

Anthropometric and physiological characteristics of amateur ultramarathon runners

2025-05-07T11:10:35-03:00

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric and physiological profile of amateur ultramarathon athletes. The sample consisted of 13 male amateur athletes aged 21 to 60. Anthropometric, biochemical and ventilatory assessments were performed. Regarding the anthropometric assessment, the average Body Mass Index (BMI) of the sample was classified as overweight, while the body fat percentage (%BF) of the sample was considered above the recommended range. The sample presented, at rest, mean values of Heart Rate (HR), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Oxygen Consumption (VO₂) within normal limits. Biochemical analyzes resulted in lactate, glucose, cortisol and creatinine within recommended parameters. In this study, the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of amateur ultramarathon runners correspond to the profile obtained in other studies with similar samples.

Characterization of the nutritional status of individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment

2025-02-20T13:20:15-03:00

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of renal function at the glomerular, tubular, and endocrine levels. In 2022, 153,831 people were on dialysis, of which 95.3% were on hemodialysis (HD). Both the disease and the treatment can cause organic changes that affect the nutritional status, resulting in protein-energy malnutrition, a condition that directly impacts these patients. At the same time, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population is increasing. Studies have shown that obesity may be a protective factor in dialysis patients, affecting their survival. In this context, this study aims to characterize the nutritional status of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, based on data collected between August and September 2024, through anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The majority of patients were male (63.2%) and adults (60%), with a prevalence of overweight and obesity identified by the Body Mass Index (BMI). However, the parameters of Triceps Skin Fold (TSF) and Arm Muscle Circumference (AMC) indicated a higher percentage of malnutrition and eutrophy, respectively. In addition, 51% of the patients presented hypoalbuminemia, which is associated with a worse clinical prognosis. Other studies have shown similar results for the anthropometric assessment, confirming the results found. Therefore, there is a need to characterize the nutritional profile of these individuals, through several parameters, allowing a more accurate nutritional diagnosis and, consequently, enabling more appropriate nutritional interventions for this population.

Nutritional profile and food consumption of type II diabetic patients pre and post pandemic: a longitudinal analysis

2024-12-15T10:13:43-03:00

Diabetes mellitus results from insufficient insulin production or the inability to utilize it, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for more than 90% of cases, is associated with aging, sedentary lifestyle, and increased food intake, causing severe complications. This study analyzed changes in the eating habits of diabetic patients served by the Family Health Strategy in Governador Valadares, MG, between 2019 and 2022, highlighting the prevalence of sarcopenia in the post-pandemic period. Eighteen patients with type 2 diabetes were followed through interviews and nutritional assessments. The results showed an increase in the percentage of overweight and sedentary behavior, common among the participants. Dietary changes during the pandemic resulted in higher consumption of lipids and lower intake of calcium and fiber. The presence of sarcopenia was significant, highlighting the negative impact of social isolation on muscle health and the need for interventions to improve cardiovascular health. These results underscore the importance of strategies focused on nutritional education, the adoption of healthy eating habits, and weight control, aiming to minimize the impacts on patient health and improve type 2 diabetes control in primary care and health emergencies.

Food consumption and (in)food security of children enrolled in two daycares in Santos

2025-04-06T08:27:22-03:00

Food and nutritional security is defined as the right of everyone to regular and permanent access to quality food, in sufficient quantity, without compromising access to other essential needs. Objective: to evaluate food (in)security and food consumption in children enrolled in two daycare centers in Santos. This is a case study that evaluated families of children enrolled in two daycare centers in Santos in different locations, one necessarily belonging to the area of social vulnerability and the other not. The collection was done through questionnaires applied to parents/guardians. Food (In)Security was measured using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and food consumption was assessed using food markers from the National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. The assessment of the difference between the study variables and the level of insecurity was through the Chi-Square test.In the vulnerable region, 78.6% of households were found to have some degree of food insecurity, while in the other region, 62.2% of families were food secure. In children over 24 months of age, it was possible to identify that the consumption of foods that indicate an unhealthy diet was more prevalent in children experiencing food insecurity. Food insecurity was more prevalent in the vulnerable region and children's food consumption was directly linked to their level of food (in)security. Therefore, investment in policies and programs to combat hunger and food insecurity is essential.

Food and Nutrition Education in school: a study on the meanings of basic education teachers

2025-04-06T08:28:54-03:00

Food and nutrition education (FNE) is an important strategy for promoting adequate, healthy, and sustainable eating, and the school environment is a suitable space for FNE actions. This study aimed to identify and discuss the meanings attributed to FNE by teachers working in basic education. This is a qualitative study conducted with teachers from municipal schools in the interior of Minas Gerais. Six teachers working in the early years of elementary education were interviewed to produce data, using a script specifically developed for this purpose, containing questions related to FNE and the teachers' practices with this topic in education. The data analysis process employed the thematic nuclei strategy, based on Socio-Historical Psychology. The results showed, through thematic nuclei, that the predominant approach to FNE was largely limited to the biological aspect of food, often taught in a punctual manner and confined to the science subject. However, despite the broader approach to the theme still being a challenge, it was observed that there is potential for the re-signification of FNE practices by teachers in the school environment. This study emphasizes the need to overcome existing limitations, particularly regarding the training of basic education teachers in food and nutrition education, in order to increase the effectiveness of actions for the broader inclusion of FNE in teaching.

Primary Care and the human right to food in the context of food and nutrition insecurity: the entry into the national agenda

2025-03-31T08:01:33-03:00

Estudo transversal com objetivo de analisar informações sobre má nutrição e consumo alimentar disponíveis nos sistemas da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) para crianças e gestantes nos últimos 5 anos, relacionar com a insegurança alimentar (IA), realizar análise crítica sobre o papel da APS na oferta de ações e serviços direcionados a essa agenda e registrar o processo de incorporação da agenda como recomendação nacional. Em 2021, apenas 28% das crianças entre 2 e 4 anos, 28,9% das crianças entre 5 e 9 anos e 35,7% das gestantes realizaram no mínimo as 3 refeições principais no dia anterior. Em 2020 e 2021, foram registrados 39.355 e 18.823 casos classificados como problemas sociais relacionados à água/ alimentação. Entre as crianças maiores de 2 anos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas prevalências de má nutrição ao longo dos últimos 5 anos. Diante do contexto de fome e com vistas a apoiar as equipes da APS, foram apresentadas as primeiras orientações nacionais de apoio para organização da atenção às pessoas em situação de IA a partir da triagem das famílias vulneráveis a essa condição. São necessárias políticas públicas estruturantes para garantia efetiva do direito à saúde e à alimentação, e a APS é um espaço oportuno para identificar famílias em IA e realizar a coordenação do cuidado e a articulação de ações intersetoriais.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods in children aged 6 to 23 months in the mesoregions of Minas Gerais: analysis of SISVAN data (2015-2022)

2025-03-04T09:19:14-03:00

Food plays a fundamental role in human health, especially in childhood, being crucial for growth and development. However, high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with negative health impacts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of UPF consumption among children aged 6 to 23 months monitored by the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) in the mesoregions of the state of Minas Gerais, between 2015 and 2022. This is an ecological time series study, carried out based on the analysis of SISVAN data. The municipalities were grouped into mesoregions as proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). UPF consumption was measured using food consumption markers from the previous day. Throughout the analyzed period, 468,175 children were monitored. An increase in SISVAN coverage was observed, reflected both by the growth in the number of municipalities analyzed and by the increase in the number of children monitored throughout the period investigated. A reduction in the prevalence of UPF consumption was also observed in all mesoregions over the specific years. The results obtained indicate that innovative public policies generated positive results in child nutritional health, with the expansion of SISVAN coverage and the reduction in UPF consumption.

Tendência temporal da prevalência da desnutrição e do excesso peso na Atenção Primária no Brasil - 2012 a 2021

2025-02-20T13:30:35-03:00

O presente estudo teve como objetivo nalisar as tendências das prevalências de desnutrição, excesso de peso e obesidade em crianças, adolescentes, adultos, idosos e gestantes acompanhados na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil no período de 2012-2021. Trata-se de estudo de análise de série temporal realizado a partir de dados do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) no período de 2012 a 2021. Foi realizada regressão linear generalizada pelo método de Prais-Winsten. Observou-se aumento no número de indivíduos com acompanhamento do estado nutricional na APS, sendo em 2021, 33,2 milhões de acompanhamentos. O Brasil apresentou diminuição das prevalências de baixo peso, exceto para crianças menores de 5 anos e adolescentes, e aumento significativo nas taxas de excesso de peso e obesidade em crianças maiores de 5 anos, adolescentes, adultos, idosos e gestantes. Reforça-se a necessidade de políticas públicas que foquem nos determinantes sinérgicos de todas as formas de má nutrição.

Health promotion practices by Primary Care Teams in Brazil - PMAQ-AB (2017-2018)

2025-02-15T10:21:48-03:00

The objective was to verify the relationship between health promotion actions in primary care, the provision of Integrative and Complementary Practices (PICs) services, the use of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population by the Ministry of Health, and sociodemographic factors, as well as the coverage of the Family Health Strategy (ESF) in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, using open-access data from 38,865 primary care teams that participated in the 3rd cycle of the External Evaluation of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB). Health promotion actions aimed at supporting self-care were the most frequent. Municipalities in the Northeast region had the highest proportions of health promotion actions and the use of the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population compared to other regions. Additionally, municipalities with larger populations and moderate municipal development also stood out in the provision of these actions. Higher ESF and primary care coverage rates were observed in municipalities with 100% coverage. Health promotion actions in primary care are linked to sociodemographic contexts and the implementation of the Family Health Strategy. The continuous evaluation of the PMAQ-AB should be emphasized as a valuable tool for promoting more comprehensive and equitable health for the Brazilian population.

Multiple Sclerosis: association of nutritional status and quality of life

2024-12-22T16:32:32-03:00

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, neurodegeneration, and can lead to physical disability, and cognitive impairment. The aim of the study was to analyze the nutritional status and quality of people live with MS, and observe whether there is an association between these factors. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with 110 patients undergoing outpatient treatment. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to assess sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, clinical conditions, quality of life (Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Instrument, FAMS) and nutritional status (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC; waist-to-hip ratio, WHR; and % body fat, %BF). The average age was 37.17 (10.60) years, the duration of illness was 6.28 (4.65) years, with a predominance of females, and level of disability (EDSS = 1.92). The group was overweight (BMI, 55.4%), high WC (51.8%), and high %BF, according to BIA (56.4%). Quality of life was significantly lower in malnourished patients (BMI, p = 0.009), in those with higher WC (p = 0.003), WHR (p = 0.020), and %BF (BIA, p = 0.002; US, p = 0.011). WC (p = 0.009), WHR (p = 0.003), and %BF obtained by BIA (p = 0.013) and US (p = 0.004) increased significantly with increasing EDSS. Therefore, it becomes essential to track these conditions in different MS treatment centers so that nutritional guidelines can be established.

Nutritional monitoring improves eating habits among athletes

2025-03-24T08:40:40-03:00

To evaluate dietary practices and associated factors among athletes from different sports. The Dietary Practices Scale was applied to athletes from different sports and from different regions of Brazil. Mann-Whitney, Student's t-test and linear regression models were used to evaluate differences between groups and the association of dependent variables with EPA scores. A total of 114 athletes from 16 sports were evaluated, 52.6% of whom were female. The average score on the Dietary Practices Scale (EPA) by the athletes was 45.96 points. Female athletes had a higher final score on the scale compared to male athletes (47.28 vs 44.44; Cohen's d = 0.31; P<0.05). The variable “having nutritional monitoring” was associated with total EPA (p<0.001) and for dimensions 1 and 2 (p<0.001 and p<0.05). Athletes who have nutritional monitoring have an average increase of 5.9 points in the final score, 3.7 points in the dimension 1 score and 2.1 points in the dimension score in relation to individuals who do not have nutritional monitoring. Monitoring with a nutritionist is associated with better eating practices among athletes, mainly in domestic organization and planning.

Nutritional quality and regional valorization of the vegetarian menu at a university restaurant in northeast brazil

2025-04-06T08:29:34-03:00

This study assessed the quality of the vegetarian menu offered by the University Restaurant of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), based on the online menu available on the university's website, considering its nutritional adequacy, dietary diversity and the presence of regional foods. The quality of the menu was verified using the Qualitative Evaluation of Menu Preparations, the food classification of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (2014) and the identification of the presence of regional foods, considering the months between August and November 2023. To systematize the collected data, a database was created in an electronic spreadsheet (Microsoft Excel®) and, subsequently, the absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. The results of the Qualitative Evaluation indicated a high supply of fruit and leafy greens, but identified a frequent presence of sulphur-rich foods (72.5%), a factor that can impact the acceptance of the preparations. The Dietary Guidelines analysis showed a predominance of fresh foods (78.5%), a low supply of ultra-processed foods (10.8%) and no fried foods, factors that favor the nutritional quality of meals. Regarding regional representation, 44.4% of the fruits offered were part of the Northeast region's biodiversity; however, vegetables and tubers from the South and Southeast regions were predominant. The conclusion is that, despite the positive aspects of the menu, there are opportunities for improvement, such as diversifying vegetable protein sources, reducing the supply of sulphur-rich foods and strengthening the use of regional ingredients in the composition of dishes.

Correlation between the physicochemical attributes and caseinomacropeptide (CMP) of refrigerated raw milk from farmers in Rio Grande do Sul

2024-12-06T20:47:52-03:00

The Brazilian dairy sector plays an essential role in the economy and is driven by small producers who contribute to regional development. However, challenges related to milk quality and adulteration reinforce the need for strict control measures. This study aimed to assess the quality of 300 samples of refrigerated raw milk from producers in Rio Grande do Sul between 2021 and 2023, exploring the correlation between the caseinomacropeptide (CMP) index and the milk's physicochemical parameters. The CMP analysis was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while the other physicochemical analyses followed the protocols established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA), with samples collected and analyzed on site. The results revealed significant correlations between CMP and attributes such as acidity (-0.881), temperature (0.754) and reductase (-0.668), suggesting that increased CMP is associated with proteolytic action in milk. The findings of this study highlight the importance of the dairy industry maintaining strict control of quality parameters at all stages of the production chain, from production on the farm to industrial processing, in order to ensure the standards set by Brazilian legislation and the quality of the products.

Sensory profile of a plant-based burger analog made from babassu byproducts and vegetable proteins

2025-01-01T16:27:58-03:00

The growing concern about environmental impact and the search for sustainable food alternatives has driven the development of plant-based products. This study aimed to create plant-based burgers using babassu coconut byproducts and other regional ingredients, exploring their sensory profile and acceptance. Four formulations were developed with varying proportions of babassu coconut fiber and coconut oil. The burgers were evaluated through sensory analyses, including Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) and Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) methods and acceptance and purchase intention tests. Results showed that fiber and coconut oil proportions significantly influenced color and flavor. The formulation with the highest oil content (15F25G) was associated with attributes like "softness" and "juiciness," while the formulation with the highest fiber content (35F5G) exhibited denser and more fibrous characteristics. The "coconut aroma" was unanimously identified and well-accepted across all formulations. The "spicy flavor" stood out in intermediate formulations, such as 20F20G and 30F10G, highlighting the positive impact of a balanced fiber-to-oil ratio on sensory attributes. Purchase intention analysis revealed a greater preference for the 35F5G and 15F25G formulations, suggesting that firm texture and softness appeal to different consumer profiles. It is concluded that leveraging babassu coconut byproducts in plant-based burgers fosters innovation and sustainability and meets sensory and market expectations, demonstrating their potential to strengthen the circular economy and add value to regional resources.

Centesimal and sensory analysis of edible ice cream based on the hydrosoluble extract of babassu kernel (Attalea speciosa), banana, and peanut free of saccharose

2025-04-22T11:32:45-03:00

Lactose intolerance, restricted consumption of added sugars and vegetarianism are all aspects that have gradually expanded, limiting the choices available. This study aimed to produce an edible ice cream based on water-soluble extracts of babassu kernels, banana and peanuts, free from sucrose, and to carry out a centesimal and sensory analysis of this formulation. The product was subjected to centesimal analysis to determine calories using Atwater coefficients, carbohydrates were described according to Resolution RDC No. 360/2003 and proteins, lipids, moisture and ash according to the analytical standards of the Official Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Sensory acceptance tests were carried out using a 9-point hedonic scale ("I very much disliked it" to "I very much liked it") and purchase intention tests using a 5-point hedonic scale ("I would certainly not buy it" to "I would certainly buy it"). The centesimal analysis of the ice cream revealed the following percentages: moisture (71.87%), ash (0.08%), carbohydrates (20.88%), proteins (5.45%), lipids (1.72%), and caloric value of 120.80 Kcal/100g. As for sensory acceptability, the formulation achieved significant acceptability in all the attributes evaluated (color, appearance, aroma, texture, creaminess, taste and general acceptability). In addition, 47.1% of the evaluators showed a positive intention to buy. Thus, the ice cream proved to be a good alternative, offering benefits not only to lactose-intolerant and/or casein-allergic consumers or those looking for vegan options, but also to the general public interested in healthier and more sustainable choices.

Compliance with the NBCAL in retail establishments in rural Minas Gerais: challenges, conformity, and necessity

2025-04-23T14:30:28-03:00

Breastfeeding is essential for the health of both mother and baby, protecting them against various illnesses. However, aggressive marketing practices of products that compete with breastfeeding have contributed to early weaning. Therefore, legal protection measures for breastfeeding, such as the Brazilian Code of Marketing of Foods for Infants and Young Children, Nipples, Pacifiers, and Bottles (NBCAL), are crucial. This study aimed to assess compliance with NBCAL between 2022 and 2024 in municipalities located in the interior of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This was a longitudinal study, with data collection conducted in 2022, 2023, and 2024 through the monitoring of pharmacies, supermarkets, and baby product stores, based on NBCAL criteria. Violations were recorded using the electronic form provided by the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 15.0). A total of 50 establishments were evaluated in 2022, 32 in 2023, and 48 in 2024. Of these, 40.0%, 28.1%, and 45.8%, respectively, were found to be in violation of NBCAL. The absence of the required warning statement was the most common violation across all three years, accounting for 60.0% of infractions in 2022, 67.7% in 2023, and 72.7% in 2024. In terms of products, infant formulas for newborns had the highest number of violations in 2022 (25.0%), follow-up formulas for infants in 2023 (33.0%), and follow-up formulas for young children in 2024 (36.4%). The data reveal concerning levels of noncompliance with NBCAL, highlighting the need to strengthen enforcement and implementation of the legislation, especially in rural municipalities, to ensure effective and lasting protection of breastfeeding.

Sustainable breads made with cashew apple flour and cashew nut almonds (Anacardium occidentale L): sensory profile and purchase intention

2025-04-21T16:36:55-03:00

The residual fiber from the cashew peduncle, mainly generated after industrial juice extraction, is frequently discarded despite still possessing significant nutritional value and potential for sustainable applications in various food products. This study developed a gluten-free bread as a sustainable alternative for human consumption, using flour blends composed of cashew peduncle fiber and whole cashew nut flour. The blends were prepared in proportions of 50% (Blend I), 75% (Blend II), and 25% (Blend III) of peduncle flour. The breads were submitted to sensory evaluation using the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) method, a nine-point hedonic acceptance scale, and purchase intention analysis, with the participation of 130 untrained panelists. The attributes “pleasant taste” and “caramel color” were most strongly associated with Blend III, with selection frequencies of 0.984 and 0.992, respectively. The results demonstrated good overall sensory acceptance, especially for Blend III, which also had the highest purchase intention (59.4%). The findings indicate that the combined use of these flours is a promising strategy to reduce food waste, enhance the value of agricultural byproducts, and foster sustainability in the food industry.

Profile and satisfaction of consumers of the vegetarian menu at the university restaurant of a public university in Fortaleza, CE.

2025-03-06T17:57:05-03:00

Vegetarianism is gaining relevance in the university context, driven by concerns about health, the environment and animal welfare. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile, frequency of consumption and consumer satisfaction with the vegetarian menu at the University Restaurant of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC). The survey was carried out in the first semester of 2024, with 118 participants who consumed vegetarian meals. The data was collected using an electronic questionnaire containing objective and subjective questions, and analyzed using descriptive statistics in the software R (version 4.4). The results indicated that the majority of vegetarian consumers in the RU are female students. The main factor for choosing the RU was the affordable price, followed by practicality. The frequency of consumption was higher at lunchtime, with a significant number of customers eating five meals a week. The evaluation of the menu's satisfaction with regard to portioning, color and maintenance suggests that these aspects meet the public's expectations. However, variety and presentation were the criteria with the highest levels of dissatisfaction. Lentil-based dishes were the least accepted, while vegan vatapá, vegetable pie and soy escondidinho were the most highly rated. The findings indicate the need to improve vegetarian preparations by diversifying the menu. It is concluded that the RU plays an essential role in offering accessible and inclusive food, and it is essential to implement improvements to increase satisfaction and adherence to vegetarian meals.

Characterization of dark kitchens in Fortaleza and verification of their hygiene and sanitary requirements

2025-02-18T09:47:33-03:00

The term “dark kitchen” refers to spaces dedicated to the production of meals, without a physical location for consumption, depending on delivery apps to reach customers. This model gained popularity during the Covid-19 pandemic as an alternative to traditional restaurants. The objective of this study was to analyze the number, categorization and hygienic-sanitary requirements of dark kitchens in Fortaleza (CE). Qualitative research was carried out on social networks and delivery apps, in addition to an assessment of sanitary conditions in accordance with Municipal Ordinance No. 31/2005. 34 dark kitchens were identified, 92% of which were owned and 8% were coworking kitchens. The majority of them are dedicated to producing hamburgers and sandwiches (31%), followed by pizzas, regional food and cakes (23%) and other types of food (15%). Only one operates with different brands and types of food, being a pioneer in the city. Assessment of the health requirements of eight establishments revealed that 75% were within the required standards, while 25% were below the level of compliance. The study concludes that dark kitchens represent a growing trend, benefiting both entrepreneurs and customers. However, the need for improvements in hygienic-sanitary aspects to guarantee food safety and consumer health stands out.

Contractual compliance in outsourced hospital food services: analysis of compliance with the provisions of the terms of reference

2025-03-24T08:47:42-03:00

Hospital Food and Nutrition Units are complex, as they are composed of several interdependent activities, which makes the outsourcing process advantageous from an organizational point of view. Strict control during the execution of the contract is crucial to ensure that quality standards are maintained, in addition to enabling the continuous identification of areas for improvement. The research aimed to evaluate compliance with the obligations described in the Terms of Reference by the outsourced company responsible for the meal production service at a university hospital. This is a quantitative and descriptive study, carried out between November and December 2024. The data were analyzed through a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet, using descriptive statistics. Based on the analysis of the terms of reference, 270 criteria were identified, arranged in 09 categories: general standards; health license; acquisition of inputs, receipt, storage and inventory control; adaptation of menus; preparation and distribution of meals; quality control; and human resources, which obtained compliance of over 85%. The inadequacies were observed in the categories of equipment, utensils, materials and physical facilities, and good environmental practices. Despite the high percentage of geral compliance (84.1%), the unsatisfactory items are considered critical, representing a risk to food safety and the health of diners. The study concludes that establishing the necessary procedures clearly in the bidding processes is not sufficient for the feasibility of these standards, which demonstrates the importance of this analysis and of new studies that contribute to the implementation of improvements in these processes.

Evaluation of good practice procedures in hospital Nutrition and Dietary Services

2024-11-20T20:42:44-03:00

The hospital Nutrition and Dietetics Service (NDS) must be attentive to the production of safe meals, since they are intended for patients with low immunity, who are more likely to develop foodborne illnesses. This study aimed to evaluate good practices in two hospital NDSs, regarding food preparation and storage, hygiene of fruit and vegetables and collection of samples of food prepared and served to patients and employees of these locations. Observational cross-sectional study, carried out on five consecutive days in September 2024, in the initial stage of the mandatory curricular internship in Institutional Food of the nutrition course at a university in Rio Grande do Sul, which involves the observation of the functioning of the place, carried out by two interns in two small hospital SNDs, called SND 1 and SND 2 for the present study, located in Serra Gaúcha/Rio Grande do Sul. For data collection, the following criteria were evaluated: pre-prepared and prepared products, hygiene of fruit and vegetables, and collection of samples of prepared foods contained in Ordinance No. 799, of September 6, 2023, of the Health Department of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The results showed that SND 1 obtained 90.00% compliance in relation to the evaluated criteria. SND 2, on the other hand, had a 70.00% compliance rate. It is concluded that both SNDs demonstrated good hygienic-sanitary conditions, as they met most of the inspection criteria evaluated, with SND 1 showing greater compliance with the legislation in relation to SND 2. This study demonstrates the importance of applying the checklist in food services, as a way of inspecting inadequacies, which must be corrected so that they do not compromise good food handling practices in these services and enable the provision of safe food to patients and employees at these locations.

Septic patients and gut microbiota modulation: a scoping review

2025-10-22T08:36:47-03:00

Sepsis is a severe condition characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, with high mortality rates and significant healthcare costs, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Metabolic and inflammatory disturbances frequently compromise intestinal function, promote dysbiosis, and increase the risk of infectious complications, making early enteral nutrition an essential strategy to preserve the gut barrier, modulate immune-metabolic responses, and provide clinical support. This study aimed to map the available evidence on gut microbiota modulation through enteral dietary interventions in septic patients. A descriptive scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Database searches identified 235 publications, of which six met eligibility criteria, including five clinical trials and one observational study conducted between 2021 and 2025. Findings indicate that critically ill septic patients present gut microbiota with markedly low diversity and predominance of opportunistic pathogens. Enteral nutrition demonstrated potential in preserving intestinal integrity and improving immunological parameters, whereas fibers, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics showed promising but heterogeneous and limited results. Major limitations across studies included small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and lack of methodological standardization. In conclusion, early enteral nutrition plays a central role in the management of septic patients; however, the effectiveness of interventions targeting gut microbiota modulation remains insufficiently supported. Further large-scale, multicenter trials with standardized clinical and microbiological outcomes are needed to consolidate evidence and guide more consistent clinical recommendations.

Influence of nutritional status and body composition in predicting outcomes in chemotherapy treatment in patients with gastric cancer: an integrative review

2025-08-11T09:14:50-03:00

This study aims to investigate the influence of nutritional status and body composition on the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy, through an integrative literature review. The research was conducted in the PubMed, Medline, and LILACS databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed articles published in the last ten years, available in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. Case reports, conference abstracts, opinion reviews, and articles without full-text availability were excluded. Nine studies were included, covering populations from different countries, which evaluated nutritional and body composition parameters using tools such as the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and Computed Tomography (CT). The results demonstrated that low nutritional indices and body composition changes, such as reduced muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity, are associated with higher toxicity and worse overall survival. It is concluded that nutritional status and body composition can influence and serve as important predictors of clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Integrating nutritional status and body composition assessments is essential for developing a better care plan for these patients.

Analysis of conditions of work of employees in food and nutrition units: an integrative review

2025-09-27T08:32:11-03:00

Work is an intrinsic part of human history and has undergone transformations over the centuries to achieve the business interests of generating profits and accumulating wealth. In Food and Nutrition Services, it aims to offer safe, healthy and attractive meals. For this, it is necessary a diversified staff of employees, who work satisfied to result in the success of the service. The objective of the study was to evaluate the daily life of employees who work in Food and Nutrition Units with regard to pleasure and suffering related to the execution of labor. This is an integrative review of the last twenty years in the databases of Capes Journals, Virtual Health Library and Scientific Electronic Library Online. A combination in English of the descriptors “Food Service”, “Job Satisfaction”, “Nutritionists", “Nutrition”, “Pleasure” and “Suffering”, using the AND and OR markers, resulted in the choice of seven studies to compose this review. In four of them, collaborators reported dissatisfaction with environmental conditions, relationships with managers and physical and mental exhaustion, while nutritionists declared their intention to change their area of expertise due to long hours, role deviations and professional devaluation. However, in two studies, collaborators and nutritionists stated that they were satisfied with aspects related to work. And one of them did not investigate this aspect, restricting itself to characterizing the profile of absentees. Therefore, more research is needed with this public on this topic.

Public policies and strategic actions for achieving global physical activity goals in urban environments: evidence mapping

2025-09-12T10:35:00-03:00

The World Health Organization recommended a 15% increase in physical activity by 2030 to control chronic diseases and defined targets, policies, and strategic actions to achieve this. We analyzed the literature on policies, actions, and strategies to increase physical activity in urban environments before and after the Global Plan of Action for Physical Activity 2018-2030. This was an evidence mapping performed in PubMed, Scielo, and Scopus, which included 13 articles classified into six axes of policies, actions, and interventions to increase physical activity. In all axes, there was an association with increased physical activity; a greater number of studies focused on the follow-up after the global action plan for physical activity, demonstrating a greater interest of researchers in the topic and an important step towards achieving the goals, as paths are indicated for the elaboration of policies, actions, and strategies to promote health.

The importance of quality information and accurate nutritional labeling in promoting quality of life for individuals with dietary restrictions: systematic review

2025-07-16T21:44:03-03:00

Food restrictions have a significant impact on physical and mental health, as well as on the quality of life of individuals, potentially causing issues ranging from gastrointestinal discomfort to severe reactions. The lack of accurate diagnosis, adequate information, and clear nutritional labeling contributes to the increase in health problems and emotional impacts associated with these restrictions. The objective was to synthesize scientific evidence on the impact of food restrictions on the quality of life of individuals and their families and to demonstrate how the implementation of accessible information and clear nutritional labeling can minimize the challenges faced by these individuals. This is a systematic literature review conducted with studies from the past five years, using the descriptors: “food intolerance,” “anxiety,” “food hypersensitivity,” and “health promotion.” The strict exclusion of allergenic foods improves the clinical conditions of individuals with allergies and other conditions; however, such food restrictions also generate anxiety, depression, and emotional challenges for both the affected individuals and their families. The lack of clear information about ingredients and negligence regarding cross-contamination can increase the risks of adverse reactions to food. Currently, in Brazil, there are guidelines and regulations that indicate good practices for food production and packaging directed at this group, but those that impose mandatory requirements are still insufficient to meet the demand. A multidisciplinary approach, with psychological support and regulations requiring clear nutritional labeling and training for food handlers, is essential to promote autonomy and safety for affected individuals.

The impact of hospital gastronomy on patient recovery: a systematic review

2025-07-10T20:35:58-03:00

The quality of food provided in hospitals is essential for ensuring patient care, as it supplies the necessary nutrients to the body and directly influences health maintenance and recovery. The objective of this study was to present the impact of hospital gastronomy on patient recovery, identifying both the advances and the main challenges faced by hospitals in its implementation. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was conducted using studies available in the CAPES Periodicals database, the Virtual Health Library (VHL), the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and Google Scholar, published between 2015 and 2025, in both Portuguese and English. The results showed that the implementation of gastronomic strategies contributes positively to diet acceptance, waste reduction, and, consequently, patient recovery. However, the implementation of hospital gastronomy requires effective culinary techniques, the availability of appropriate utensils and equipment, staff training, and dietary prescriptions aligned with each patient’s nutritional needs and eating habits. Based on the results, we conclude that when properly executed, hospital gastronomy positively contributes to both diet acceptance and the recovery of hospitalized patients.

Influence of western dietary pattern and obesity on the modulation of gut microbiota: an integrative review

2025-07-01T20:57:58-03:00

The obesogenic environment, characterized by the Western dietary pattern and, consequently, by caloric excess from foods with low nutritional quality, is associated with fat accumulation and the development of obesity. These changes affect the availability of essential nutrients for the gut microbiota, resulting in alterations in microbial composition and exacerbation of the inflammatory process. This study aimed to review the influence of the Western diet and obesity on the modulation of the gut microbiota in humans. An integrative literature review was conducted, including articles published between 2019 and 2023 in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases. The time frame was chosen to gather updated evidence in line with recent advances in the field. The search strategy used indexed descriptors from the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), covering terms related to exposure (Western diet; Western dietary pattern; obesity; visceral obesity; overweight; adiposity; saturated fat) and outcome (gut microbiota; dysbiosis; human microbiota; microbiome; intestinal modulation; intestinal barrier). Nine studies in humans, fully published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, were included. The main findings showed an increase in the genera Escherichia coli, Bilophila, and Blautia (after Western diet intake), as well as Blautia and Dorea in obese individuals. It was concluded that the Western diet may promote an increase in bacteria and metabolites harmful to intestinal integrity and that obese individuals tend to present lower microbial diversity. Therefore, nutritional strategies capable of positively modulating the gut microbiota may act as relevant adjuvants in the treatment of obesity.

Ultraprocessed food consumption and sodium intake in adolescents: an integrative review

2025-08-10T11:29:33-03:00

During adolescence, individuals exercise greater autonomy in their eating habits and are strongly influenced by their environment. As a result, ultraprocessed foods (UPF) become more present in adolescents' routines, causing concern about potential health risks and compromised diet quality. This study aims to identify the most current scientific evidence in the literature on the relationship between consumption of UPF and sodium intake in adolescents. This is an integrative review based on the following guiding question: “What is the scientific evidence on the relationship between UPF consumption and sodium intake in adolescents?”. The searches were carried out in the Pubmed, Web of Science and Lilacs databases. The studies were then exported to the Rayyan platform, where a total of 5 studies were selected after applying the exclusion criteria. Our findings indicated that as the proportion of calories from UPF in the diet increases, there is an increase in total sodium intake. In adolescents with more than 30% of their daily calories coming from these products, the amount of sodium consumed exceeded the WHO recommended limit by up to 190%. Furthermore, in some studies, the consumption of UPF has been associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in this age group, which is due to the unbalanced nutritional composition of these foods. Therefore, we conclude that excessive consumption of UPF in adolescents increases sodium intake and cardiometabolic risk, requiring regulation through public policies regarding access to these products.

Factors that influence the composition of breast milk: integrative literature review

2025-07-10T21:46:27-03:00

Human milk is the ideal nutrition for babies, but its composition can be influenced by several factors, including the postpartum woman’s diet and nutritional status, stage of lactation, and individual characteristics of the woman. This study aimed to analyze scientific evidence on factors that affect the composition of breast milk through an integrative review based on Ganong’s methodological framework. The search for articles was conducted in the PUBMED and VHL databases, as well as in the gray literature through Google Scholar. The search strategy was developed using the descriptors and keywords: "Nursing mothers," "Pregnant women," "Maternal nutrition," "Nutrition of pregnant women," "Hypertension," "Diabetes," "Tobacco," "Alcohol," "Obesity," "Malnutrition," "Age," "Poverty," "Prematurity," and "Human Milk," along with their equivalents in English and Spanish. The terms were grouped using Boolean operators. Articles with a quantitative or qualitative approach, published from 2013 to 2023 and available in full free of charge, were included. A total of 266 studies were identified, and 25 were included in the final sample. The extracted data were analyzed, coded, and categorized according to similarity. Two categories of factors affecting the composition of breast milk emerged: maternal and neonatal factors. It was concluded that sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle habits, overall maternal health, prematurity, birth weight, and type of delivery are related to breast milk composition. Some of factors these are modifiable and can be addressed through comprehensive care practices focused on women’s and neonatal health.

Effectiveness of probiotic supplementation in the management of Celiac Disease: a systematic review

2025-07-17T18:46:10-03:00

Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten ingestion, for which the only currently effective treatment is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). Nevertheless, some patients continue to present gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal dysbiosis. Gut microbiota modulation through probiotic supplementation has emerged as a promising adjunct therapeutic strategy. The aim of this study was to systematically review randomized clinical trials assessing the effects of probiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal symptoms and gut microbiota composition in patients with celiac disease. Studies published in the last ten years, in English and Portuguese, that used probiotics alone and compared them with placebo were included. Searches were conducted in Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline databases, following a protocol registered in PROSPERO and PRISMA guidelines. The results indicate that strains such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium breve, and Lactobacillus casei are associated with reduced inflammation, restoration of gut microbiota balance, and improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite methodological heterogeneity, the findings suggest that probiotics may play a relevant complementary role in the clinical management of celiac disease.

Effect of diet and supplementation with probiotic/prebiotics on clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with psoriasis: an integrative review

2025-08-04T17:13:53-03:00

Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory skin disease caused by interactions between genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. The symptoms and comorbidities associated with the disease negatively impact the physical, emotional, and social well-being of affected individuals. The aim of this study, therefore, was to analyze the effect of diet and probiotic supplementation on clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with psoriasis. The integrative review was carried out by surveying articles in PubMed. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the search enabled the selection of 14 clinical studies published between 2020 and 2024. The results revealed the benefits of the low-calorie diet on body weight loss, disease activity, lipid profile, inflammation, comorbidities, and quality of life. The ketogenic diet, the Mediterranean diet, and supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics showed similar effects. Probiotics and prebiotics promoted intestinal health. It was observed that omega-3 diets regulated body weight and lipid profile. Evidence indicates that these nutritional strategies can improve clinical outcomes and quality of life in individuals with psoriasis; however, further studies are essential to confirm the efficacy of these nutritional therapies and to investigate promising therapeutic combinations.

Prevalence, determinants and clinical outcomes associated with hospital malnutrition in Brazil: integrative review

2025-04-06T08:30:46-03:00

Hospital malnutrition has been associated with worse clinical outcomes, such as increased length of hospital stay, greater complications, and mortality. In Brazil, the prevalence and determinants of this condition are still poorly documented. Given this, the objective of this article was to analyze the prevalence, associated factors, and clinical outcomes of hospital malnutrition reported in Brazilian studies through an integrative literature review. The bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases using the descriptors “malnutrition,” “nutritional status,” “hospital,” “prevalence,” and “risk factors.” Observational studies published between 2019 and 2024 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese that evaluated hospital malnutrition in adult and elderly patients in Brazil were included. A total of 16 articles were selected, encompassing 8.238 participants. The prevalence of hospital malnutrition ranged from 15,3% to 65,1%, depending on the diagnostic method and the analyzed region. The main associated factors included advanced age, low food intake, gastrointestinal symptoms, and prolonged hospital stay. Malnutrition was linked to a higher risk of clinical complications, transfer to the ICU, and mortality. The results indicate that hospital malnutrition is highly prevalent in Brazil, and its early identification may reduce negative outcomes. However, the heterogeneity of methods used to identify malnutrition across studies highlights the need for standardization of diagnostic criteria. Screening strategies and nutritional management should be incorporated into hospital routines to minimize the impact of malnutrition on patient care.

Flaxseed and hormonal health: review of effects and therapeutic potentials

2025-03-24T08:35:51-03:00

The consumption of flaxseed and derived products rich in bioactive compounds can bring benefits for hormonal health. These effects include hormonal regulation during the menopause and protection against conditions or diseases associated with hormonal imbalances, such as breast cancer. This study aims to describe the potential benefits of flaxseed and its bioactive components for hormonal health. This is a systematic literature review with a qualitative analysis of the level of evidence, carried out in February 2025, following the PRISMA-P guidelines and the Agency for Healthcare and Research and Quality (AHRQ) classification of evidence. The search strategies were applied to Google Scholar, Lilacs, SciELO, Elsevier, Web of Science and the Semantic Scholar database, using the Consensus academic search engine . Thus, 22 articles were included in this review. The results suggest that flaxseed can promote hormonal balance, improving the associated biochemical indicators capable of reducing: the risk of cancer, the psychosomatic, somatic and vasomotor symptoms of menopause and insulin resistance, contributing to improved well-being and quality of life. Therefore, the consumption of linseed and its derivatives can bring significant benefits to hormonal health through the presence of its bioactive compounds capable of modulating the concentrations of human hormones associated with the development of diseases or health problems.

The benefits of physiotherapist in home care for the beed-bed elderly: a integrative review

2025-01-25T16:30:53-03:00

In recent decades, attention focused on health problems related to aging has increased significantly, following the growth in life expectancy at a global level. The option for home physiotherapy is often motivated by factors such as physical-functional disability, bed restrictions or the convenience that this type of care offers. Therefore, this work aims to describe the benefits of physiotherapy in home care for bedridden elderly people, analyzing its contribution to maintaining functionality and preserving the autonomy of these patients. This study used a literature review of a descriptive nature as a research method, in which the search for articles was carried out in the SciELO and PubMed databases. Articles in Portuguese and English that were published between 2019 and 2024 were included. Research that did not meet the recent publication criteria, as well as duplicate articles and those that were not aligned with the scope, were excluded. of the study. Theoretical essays, editorials, letters, reviews and expanded summaries were also discarded, prioritizing scientific works that presented solid and relevant evidence for the investigation in question. Initially, 78 articles were located according to the established criteria and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria 06 articles were selected to compose this review. The findings show that this type of care not only improves functionality and reduces the need for hospitalizations, but also provides more humanized care that is closer to the individual needs of patients.

Eating behavior of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazil: an integrative review

2025-02-20T13:16:59-03:00

One of the pillars of treatment for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), is a healthy diet. However, for a balanced diet, various individual and cultural conditions determine the patient's choices. Eating behavior, which can be understood as the individual's relationship with food, becomes fundamental in the approach to T2DM. This study aims to identify in the literature aspects related to the eating behavior of patients with DM2 in Brazil. It is an integrative review based on the following guiding question: “What is in the literature about aspects related to the eating behavior of patients with DM2 in Brazil?”. The data was collected from Scielo, Lilacs via the Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed (MEDLINE) and Oasisbr. After reading the titles and abstracts, those that were included in the analysis were read in full and the exclusion criteria were applied, and a total of 5 articles and 1 doctoral thesis were selected. Our findings show that, despite the geographical and temporal diversity, there is a consensus in the literature on the impact of dietary restrictions on the daily lives, emotional health and adherence to treatment of patients with DM2. In addition, it reinforces the need for integrated strategies in the management of eating behavior in DM2, considering not only nutritional guidelines, but also cultural, socio-emotional and economic aspects of these individuals.

Food as a possible transmitter of SARS-CoV-2: an integrative review

2024-12-12T21:51:25-03:00

The COVID-19 Pandemic highlights and in particular the issue of the food chain, its health security. Based on the knowledge available so far, SARS-CoV-2 will be part of the “repertoire” of respiratory viruses for quite some time. Thus, the objective of this study was to raise evidence of SARS-CoV-2, through a review from 2020 to 2022. A search was carried out for full articles that covered the chosen theme, in portuguese and english, from 2020 to 2022, in two recognized databases; a critical evaluation was performed to analyze the quality of the methods; and the available evidence was summarized, outlined by the guiding question “Is it possible to transmit SARS-CoV-2 via the oral/digestive route?” Six scientific evidences were found, based on epidemiological, microbiological and experimental data that reinforce the possibility of this SARS-CoV-2 transmission route and five control steps were proposed with their preventive measures to reduce the potential risk of COVID-19 by the oral/digestive route. Thus, the results of independent studies on the subject in question, therefore, contribute to a possible repercussion on the quality of practice, concerning the sanitary aspect of food and indicate that further, more in-depth investigations to determine the mechanisms of this SARS-CoV-2 transmission route and the possible confirmation of this virus as a pathogen associated with Foodborne Disease.

The role of HSI and TyG indices in early screening for hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in the practice of clinical nutritionists

2025-07-07T12:34:58-03:00

Evolução humana e o impacto do estilo de vida moderno na saúde

2025-02-16T22:38:28-03:00

O texto trata de um assunto - "Ponto de Vista" desenvolvido pelo autor. Conclui que é essencial determinar o nível adequado de atividade física que mantém a boa capacidade funcional e combate a obesidade em seres humanos, sem acelerar a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio e o envelhecimento fisiológico. Além disso, frisa que é necessário investigar mais profundamente e entender melhor as consequências fisiológicas do consumo de oxigênio e seu impacto no organismo. Quanto é o quantum ideal de movimento a ser realizados por crianças, adultos, velhos, homens, mulheres, subnutridos, obesos, pessoas com diferentes tipos de enfermidades entre outros? Como se comporta a defesa orgânica antioxidante nestes indivíduos? A ciência do esporte e a medicina esportiva ainda têm muito a avançar para responder sobre a quantidade ideal de movimento para cada indivíduo em diferentes fases da vida e com comportamento metabólicos distintos.