THE MEGARA AND ATHENS SOPHISM:
SYNTAX IS NOT ENOUGH
Palabras clave:
Logical Form, Mental Models, Sophism, Standard Logic, SyntaxResumen
In this paper, a sophism attributed to Chrysippus of Soli by Diogenes Laërtius is reviewed. To do that, the general framework of the mental models theory is assumed, and the conclusion is that the sophism is a problem only if just its logical form is considered. If the semantic and pragmatic aspects involved in it are also taken into account, the difficulties disappear and it can be easily understood why people tend to reject the conclusion of sophisms such as the aforementioned one. In this way, another point in which the paper insists is that, probably, syntax and logical form are not the main elements in reasoning and language.
Descargas
Citas
BOERI, Marcelo D. & SALLES, Ricardo. Los filósofos estoicos. Ontología, lógica, física y ética. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado, 2014.
JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip N. The history of the mental models. In: MANKTELOW, Ken & CHUNG, Man Cheung (Eds.). Psychology and Reasoning: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives. New York: Psychology Press, 2004.
JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip N. How We Reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip N. Against logical form. Psychologica Belgica, London, v. 50, n. 3/4, 2010.
JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip N. Inference with mental models. In: HOLYOAK, Keith J. & MORRISON, Robert G. (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip N. How to improve thinking. In: WEGERIF, Rupert, LI, Li, & KAUFMAN, James C. (Eds.). The Routledge International Handbook of Research on Teaching Thinking. Abingdon & New York: Routledge, 2015.
JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip N., KHEMLANI, Sangeet, & GOODWIN, Geoffrey P. Logic, probability, and human reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, v. 19, n. 4, 2015.
KHEMLANI, Sangeet, LOTSTEIN, Max, TRAFTON, J. Gregory, & JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip N. Immediate inferences from quantified assertions. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, London, v. 68, n. 10, 2015.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, Miguel. Mental models, logical forms, and the horns sophism. Cogency, Santiago de Chile, v. 8, n. 1, 2016a.
LÓPEZ-ASTORGA, Miguel. The first rule of Stoic logic and its relationship with the indemonstrables. Tópicos. Revista de Filosofía, Mexico city, n. 50, 2016b.
PEIRCE, Charles S. Collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. C. HARTSHORNE, Charles, WEISS, Paul, & BURKS, Arthur (Eds.). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931-1958.
QUELHAS, Ana Cristina, RASGA, Célia, & JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip N. A priori true and false conditionals. Cognitive Science, Hoboken, v. 41, n. 55, 2017.
RAGNI, Marco, SONNTAG, Tobias, & JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip N. Spatial conditionals and illusory inferences. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, London, v. 28, n. 3, 2016.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
