Polymatheia - Philosophical Journal

Resenha: Ecomunitarismo e práxis

Claudinei Aparecido de Freitas da Silva — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Filosofar desde a América Latina: Entrevista com Julio Cabrera

Julio Cabrera, Danilo Rodrigues Pimenta — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Julio Cabrera nasceu na Argentina, na cidade de Córdoba. Ele fez seus estudos de Graduação (1965-1970) e de Doutorado (1970-1974) em Filosofia na Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Nessa instituição, ele foi professor assistente de 1975 a 1979. Em 1979, chegou ao Brasil para trabalhar no Departamento de Filosofia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, onde ficou até 1987. No ano seguinte, iniciou seus trabalhos como professor no Departamento de Filosofia da Universidade de Brasília, também trabalhou no Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia e no Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioética dessa instituição, aposentando-se em 2014 como professor Titular. Julio Cabrera possui uma vasta produção filosófica em que constrói sua filosofia em diálogo com filósofos europeus e latino-americanos dos séculos XIX e XX, nas áreas de filosofias da linguagem, da ética negativa, na interface entre filosofia e cinema e do filosofar desde a América Latina.

Nos últimos anos as produções de Julio Cabrera acerca do filosofar desde a América Latina se intensificaram. Dentre seus textos sobre essa temática, destacam-se as seguintes publicações: Diário de um filósofo no Brasil (2010. 2. edição de 2013, corrigida e ampliada), ‘Europeu não significa universal. Brasileiro não significa nacional’ (2015), ‘Filosofar acadêmico e pensamento insurgente’ (2017), ‘O projeto institucional da Filosofia no Brasil e a inexistente Escola de Brasília’ (2018), ‘El estudiante de filosofía como ‘víctima académica’. (Una reflexión sobre violencia intelectual desde Enrique Dussel)’ (2020), Pátrias e Exílios: pensando desde América Latina (2020), Devorando Nietzsche. Por um niilismo sul-americano (2022), The essential Cabrera: una antología multilingue (2022) e Testamento: um libro para 100 personas (2022). É o filosofar desde a América Latina que será abordado nas páginas seguintes.

Apresentação

Eliabe Lima Caraúba, Michel Platinir Silva Damasceno — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Kierkegaard entre os doutores da academia alemã

Álvaro Valls — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

O presente artigo apresenta uma versão resumida do livro entrementes publicado, pela Editora LiberArs, com 278 páginas, de título homólogo. Antes de sua publicação, o tema foi tratado esquematicamente em palestra para a Universidade do Estado do Ceará. – Kierkegaard, dinamarquês, não escreveu para os alemães, mas previu que seus textos seriam capturados por eles, que o fariam marchar com os pós-hegelianos famosos. Quero mostrar quando, onde e como ele foi penetrando no idioma e no território alemães, para daí se espalhar pelo mundo, e ilustrar uns filosofemas mais bem aproveitados por três pioneiros, Jaspers, Heidegger e Adorno. O ingresso na academia ocorreu em 1919, com um livro de Jaspers. – No início do século XX, o neokantismo dominava as academias, mas foi sendo suplantado por questões ligadas ao sentido da vida, à existência, à história, à facticidade. Jaspers exerceu papel transformador, e os indícios mostram ter sido o responsável pela introdução das obras traduzidas de Kierkegaard na filosofia acadêmica, com a PSICOLOGIA DAS VISÕES DE MUNDO, logo resenhada por Heidegger. Se após 1927 Heidegger busca demarcar-se de Kierkegaard, o caminho de Adorno é o inverso, iniciado com crítica, e terminado em cumplicidade nos elementos críticos.

The Metaphysical Knight of the Negative: Kierkegaardian Critique of Solger's Irony

Guiomar de Grammont, Aron Barcelos Vilar Guimarães — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The present article examines Søren Kierkegaard’s reception and critique of Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger’s concept of irony in The Concept of Irony, with Constant Reference to Socrates (1841). In the first part, we begin with Hegel’s prior analysis of his former colleague, Solger, acknowledging him as a scholar committed to the development of legitimate speculative thought through the use of irony, though ultimately failing to achieve a satisfactory result due to a lack of reconciliation with a positive dimension, remaining stagnant within the sphere of the negative. In the second part, we show how Kierkegaard appropriates much of Hegel’s interpretation, while emphasizing the existential consequences of such stagnation, recognizing in Solger a “contemplative irony” belonging to the metaphysical realm, which, although seeking a unity between the finite and the infinite, results in acosmism and pantheism, remaining incapable of addressing the actuality of existence.

Was Kierkegaard a medieval thinker? Some considerations

Márcio Gimenes de Paula — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The aim of this article is to evaluate, based on a fragmentary reading of Kierkegaard's work, the thesis that the Danish thinker, despite the chronology and his affiliation with the philosophical themes of the 19th century, approaches several aspects of the medieval way of doing philosophy. The investigation actually starts from a thesis stated by his own pseudonym Vigilius Haufniensis, author of the work The Concept of Anxiety. Thus, based on such an assertion presented there, the intention is to move on to other works by the author and verify to what extent his affirmation of subjectivity is, in reality, an understanding that, in his eyes, the theme of subjectivity and its deepening is, so to speak, a medieval theme. The thesis seems intriguing and seems to contrast with the consecrated affirmation that subjectivity would have its birth and affirmation in modernity. For this investigation we will use fragments of Kierkegaard's work and comments from researchers on the subject.

Between Kierkegaard and Highsmith: exploring a writing of freedom

Deise Abreu Pacheco — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

How can one practice a writing of freedom? Not a writing about freedom, but a writing of freedom. Based on a postdoctoral research project currently underway at the Federal University of São Paulo, this article aims to explore that question, adopting as its theoretical-critical framework aspects of The Concept of Anxiety, by the Danish author Søren Kierkegaard, and The Price of Salt, by the American author Patricia Highsmith – both published under pseudonyms, Vigilius Haufniensis and Claire Morgan, respectively. Drawing on Kierkegaard’s work, the notion of freedom will be dialectically articulated with the phenomenon of anxiety and examined within the historical and literary context of Highsmith’s novel, set in 1950s America – a decade marked by intense moral and political repression. From this perspective, by thinking with Kierkegaard and Highsmith – herself a reader of the Danish author – we aim to highlight two central perspectives: the implications of the use of the persona in both authors’ works in light of the concept of authorial fictionality; and the artistic dimension of this device, grounded in a literary approach to communication that considers the interfaces between authorship, production, and reception.

Kierkegaard's Edifying Philosophy: the knitting of Kierkegaardian philosophizing

Marcos Érico de Araújo Silva — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

In this article, I point out, at a first level of analysis, how the edifying element appears expressed in the so-called Theory of Existential Stages, in the spiritual becoming of man. At a second level of analysis, I interpreted that the edifying element appears and demonstrates itself in philosophical production in two senses. In the first sense (thematic mode), the edifying element, being within the realm of the religious stage, is situated as a critical point, between pseudonymity and the Christic. In a second sense (operative mode), the edifying element permeates all philosophical production, pro-moting the existential movement from pseudonymity to the Discourses, whether edifying or Christic. In this phenomenological-hermeneutic reading, every pseudonymous work is inconclusive, due to the method of indirect communication, leading the reader to an original complementarity in the Discourses. The Discourses, therefore, complement and thus continue to appropriate, in a different affective tone (Stemning), what was thought or shown in the pseudonym. In this reading, in effect, the edifying is not just a moment of production, but is what mobilizes the entirety of Kierkegaardian philosophy.

A Fé sob o Ponto de Vista do Edificante: Uma Interpretação do Discurso sobre a Expectativa da Fé

Matheus Maia Schmaelter — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This article interprets the concept of faith from two distinct perspectives, following Kierkegaard's concern to avoid distorting a concept by approaching it from inadequate contexts. The perspective of authority, characteristic of the sermon, is analyzed from the perspective of Martin Luther. For the Reformer, Christian faith consists in the appropriation of Christ as a gracious gift from God, requiring the individual to firmly believe that Christ's birth is for their individual benefit ("for you he was born"). This faith performs an action in the believer, leading to salvation and, consequently, to an ethics of imitation of Christ. The philosophical/edifying perspective is approached through Kierkegaard's discourse, which, lacking the authority to preach, uses ethical categories of immanence. For Kierkegaard, faith is a good accessible to all and resides in subjectivity, serving as a criterion of radical equality. The "expectation of faith" is the victory over the multiplicity of the future (undetermined possibility), which is achieved by fixing one's gaze on the "eternal" (faith). This victory allows the individual to embrace their subjectivity in the present and achieve existential meaning. The fundamental difference lies in the content: while Luther addresses salvation through faith in Christ, Kierkegaard addresses the immanent edification of subjectivity.

Apresentação do dossiê filosofia latino-americana

Danilo Rodrigues Pimenta, Christian Lindberg Lopes do Nascimento — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Pensar com os pés no chão: Filosofias de corpo, terra e palavra na perspectiva decolonial

Adaor Marcos Oliveira, Erica Cristina Frau — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Brazilian philosophy must be formed from our problems. Thus, we will present three decolonial philosophical perspectives derived from the thinking of Emicida, Chico Science and Nêgo Bispo. We seek to demonstrate that Brazilian philosophy can be produced from multiple references, with the body, the land and the word as sources of philosophical, artistic and cultural manifestations. As a starting point, we bring the thinking of Roberto Gomes, in the work Crítica da Razão Tupiniquim. The objective is to highlight different Brazilian philosophies through music, oral literature and poetry. The methodology used was discourse analysis, promoting inferences and proposing the development of new concepts, amidst the historical, social and ideological contexts that the authors experienced.

Subjetividade e Crítica ao Sujeito Moderno desde América Latina

Alberto Vivar Flores, Willames Frank — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

A Época Moderna (1453-1789) na História Universal eurocêntrica – junto com a expressão de sua modernidade filosófica compreendida entre Descartes (1596-1650) e Hegel (1770-1831) – identifica-se, também, com os processos do descobrimento, invasão, conquista e colonização do Continente Americano, a partir do 12 de outubro de 1492. O impacto militante da subjetividade do sujeito moderno europeu no Continente Americano, ao desenvolver-se mediante uma dialética de dominação de caráter colonial, produz, queira-se ou não, uma síntese que se manifesta através da subjetividade própria de um sujeito, neste caso latino-americano, desde a qual nos permitimos construir uma severa e aguda crítica ao orgulhoso sujeito antropocêntrico e racional da modernidade europeia.

Um ensaio filosófico sobre Macunaíma

Antonio Alves — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Neste ensaio trato do psicologismo e da filosofia presente na obra Macunaíma: o herói sem caráter (1928), de Mario de Andrade. Com quase cem anos desde a publicação, Macunaíma ainda se faz atual para criticar sagazmente um Brasil belo e multicultural, mas ao mesmo tempo amplamente problemático. O texto que se tem em mãos é um ensaio no sentido mais stricto da palavra. Trata-se, portanto, não da tentativa de fundamentar o texto de Macunaíma de maneira estrutural, mas de torná-lo filosófico a partir de pensamentos intuitivos e perspicazes, dando assim, ensejo para fortalecer ainda mais a nossa filosofia latino-americana.

Colonization for Paulo Freire and the culture of silence as a problem for decolonial thought in Latin America

Bruno Botelho Costa — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This work provides a discussion about colonization in the thought of the Brazilian
philosopher Paulo Freire, how his considerations on this topic converse with critical points
highlighted by other philosophers that approach the topic in Latin America, and how the notion
of culture of silence expresses aspects of colonial domination to which Latin America would
do well to concern itself with and elucidate and question, should it wish to transform the
contradiction in which it is involved, at the same time, as a product of cultural imposition and
producer or co-producer of an understanding of reality that recovers the voices oppressed by
colonization since the colonizers’ desembark to modern modes of critical thinking difusion,
even by digital means.

El Lakou: otro nuevo punto de partida anapolítico para la filosofia, teología e historia de la liberación, intercultural y descolonial

Carlos Bauer — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This essay proposes a new starting point for our-American, Abyayalense, Latín American, etc. philosophy, from a historical reality currently unknown, but one that is the foundation and driving force of a new history of liberation for the continent and for humanity. We begin by considering this beginning from the concept and reality of Lakou, understanding what it means and represents for philosophy and history. This is not an anecdotal proposal, but a profound challenge for our philosophy and global thought, since changing the starting point alters the development and structure of our tradition.

Interculturalidade e Ancestralidade na Educação: Convergências Epistemológicas para a Descolonização do Saber

Francisco Henrique Oliveira Moura, Karina Mandetta Medeiros — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão crítica sobre os aportes da filosofia intercultural e da filosofia da ancestralidade no campo educacional, com foco na construção de práticas pedagógicas descolonizadoras. Em um contexto de pluralidade cultural e desigualdades históricas, investiga-se como o diálogo entre saberes e o reconhecimento das epistemologias afro-brasileiras podem promover uma educação ética, plural e comprometida com a justiça social. A partir de conceitos como entre-lugar cultural, ancestralidade, cosmovisões africanas e justiça cognitiva, o estudo aponta caminhos teórico-metodológicos que rompem com modelos eurocentrados e valorizam formas alternativas de conhecer, ensinar e conviver.

Em defesa do paraíso - A identidade nacional contra o Império

Italo Dant Alves Monteiro — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This article seeks to understand the South American identity crisis—not by examining the agents responsible for its corrosion, but rather by analyzing the cultural tactics employed. On one side, there is the use of radical identity politics; on the other, a mythical idea of the “West”, propped up by phantasmagorical and imported ideological pillars. Each, in its own way and with distinct strategies, seeks to fuel the revival of irrational policies, foster disruptive and reactionary polarization (which is, to some extent, subversive and objectively neocolonial), and further erode regional cohesion. At the same time, we aim to provide elements capable of countering this agenda, drawing on the insights of historians and, most importantly, the perspectives of South American philosophers.

The Concept of Christian Philosophy and the Philosophical Problem of Language in Erasmo Bautista

Jacob Bunganza Torio — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

In this article, the author explores the conception of Christian philosophy and
language held by Erasmo Bautista, a philosopher at the Pontifical University of Mexico. In his
work Filosofía cristiana en el horizonte del triple ministerio, Bautista defines Christian
philosophy through four senses: the philosophy of Christians, of the Christian religion,
expressed by Christianity, and naturaliter christiana. Influenced by Gilson, Coreth, and Rahner,
he argues that faith enriches reason without contradicting it, integrating revealed truths. In El
lenguaje, Bautista views language as a human sign that transcends the merely symbolic, a
system of expression that organizes knowledge and mediates human self-realization. His
ontological and anthropological approach links language to communicative interaction,
emphasizing its reflective nature. Rooted in Thomistic and contemporary traditions, Bautista’s
philosophy reaffirms the relevance of Christian philosophy in rational dialogue.

Image, Otherness, and Recognition - Towards a Philosophy of the Visible in Latin America

Jair Fernando Alves da Silva — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

This paper examines the role of images in shaping collective memory and identity in Latin America, highlighting their significance in struggles for recognition and symbolic belonging within contexts of coloniality. It integrates phenomenological approaches with Latin American decolonial debates, referencing theorists such as Levinas, Dussel, Mignolo, and Quijano. The article discusses visual coloniality, epistemic disobedience, and alterity by analyzing concrete experiences of visual insurgency. The conclusion offers an ethical and political reflection on the image as a philosophical and situated practice, underscoring its critical potential to challenge hegemonic narratives and restore dignity to marginalized visual representations.

Os Espíritos da Yãkoana: Ontologias, Fenomenologias e Epistemologias nas Palavras de um Xamã Yanomami

Jan Clefferson Costa de Freitas — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Este artigo tem por meta apresentar uma análise e descrição das ontologias, fenomenologias e epistemologias dos indígenas yanomami a partir das palavras de Davi Kopenawa – transcritas por Bruce Albert e publicadas por ambos em A Queda do Céu. Desde a perspectiva de Kopenawa, a agência, a intencionalidade e a inteligência não são atributos apenas dos seres humanos, mas de todas as formas de vida; além disso, para ele, os fenômenos extáticos e oníricos abrem as portas de acesso à verdadeira realidade, onde as plantas, os animais e os espíritos da floresta podem ser não objetos, mas sujeitos do conhecimento. Nesse sentido, através de uma metodologia analítico-descritiva que coaduna apreciação fenomenológica, ação participativa, investigação bibliográfica, leitura hiperfocada, diálogos interculturais, abordagem hermenêutica, pensamento crítico e escrita criativa sobre as ideias articuladas, nós pretendemos responder a seguinte pergunta: em que medida a yãkoana – planta mestra utilizada por Kopenawa em rituais xamânicos – possibilita o acesso fenomenológico a múltiplos planos de existência, resgata a memória do saber ancestral e salvaguarda a cosmopercepção yanomami? Uma vez colocada a questão-diretriz do trabalho, os resultados esperados a partir desta incursão contra-colonial são: [a] elucidar como a natureza pode ser uma professora; [b]; compreender a pluralidade de criaturas além-humanas que interagem com os xamãs; e [c] justificar a pertinência filosófica da experimentação enteogênica. A título de síntese, nós idealizamos demonstrar, nas próximas linhas, uma parte do que as palavras de Kopenawa têm a dizer de significativo para os estudos decoloniais e filosofias psicodélicas.

Teaching Indigenous Philosophies: contributions to the implementation of Law 11.645/08

Letícia da Silva Bello, Mariana de Oliveira Neves — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

In 2008 the Law 11.645 was enacted, making the teaching of Indigenous cultures
mandatory in basic education schools in Brazil. However, little has changed in the daily routines
of schools across the country. This scenario reflects the epistemicide which marginalizes certain
knowledge systems, such as Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous ones, and it prevents philosophy
teachers from complying with the Brazilian National Education Guidelines (LDB). The present
work offers a brief presentation that can help in the search for answers to this pressing question:
how can Brazilian Indigenous philosophy be included in high school philosophy curricula?

A hermenêutica analógica, proposta filosófica latino-americana

Mauricio Beuchot — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

In this article is intended to present the analogic hermeneutic, which is a Mexican and Latin-American proposal. It tries to apply the concept of analogy to interpretation, to avoid the univocal interpretation, pretendedly rigorous, and the equivocal interpretation, desperately ambiguous. It is in the virtuous middle, that of Aristotle, without losing the exactitude of the univocal one, but without falling in the inexactitude of the equivocal one.

A Filosofia Latino-Americana e aquela Velha Senhora que nos ensinou a pensar

Ronie Alexsandro Teles da Silveira — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

The text proposes to dispel two harmful fictions that hinder the way we do Latin
American philosophy. The first of these fictions is the belief in the universality of philosophical
questions. To dismiss it, I make a brief excursion into the original propulsion of Western
philosophy in Ancient Greece. The second fiction concerns the mistaken belief about what Latin
American identity is. To clarify it, I explain the functioning of the non-dialectical cultural
mechanism of conjunction of differences that has characterized us. Finally, I draw attention to
the compromising significance of practicing philosophy based on these two nefarious fictions.

Los orígenes del totalitarismo en el Totalitarismo del Mercado

Yamandú Acosta — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Filosofía Andina: principios y contenido de la cosmovivencia andina

Josef Estermann — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

La Filosofía del entendimiento, de Andrés Bello

Pablo Guadarrama González — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

América Latina: autenticidad, modernidad y teoría crítica

Maria Luz Mejías Herrera — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300

Ecomunitarismo y nuevo modo de vida en Nuestramérica: ideas básicas

Sirio López Velasco — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 00:00:00 -0300