Obtenção de um extrato padronizado rico em antocianinas a partir do"Jamelão" - Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59171/nutrivisa-2024v11e12547Resumo
Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels (sinonímia: Eugenia jambolana Lam.) é uma árvore perene, de médio a grande porte e de rápido crescimento popularmente conhecida como Jamelão, jambolão, cereja, jalão, jambu, azeitona do nordeste, ameixa-roxa, entre outras denominações. O fruto desta árvore é rico em antocianinas, compostos polifenóis com potente atividade antioxidante. A partir de frutas maduras coletadas no município de Aquiraz-Ceará foram preparados um extrato etanólico/metanólico da pele (EEMPJ-SF) ou um extrato etanólico/metanólico da pele e da polpa do Jamelão (EEMJ-SF). O objetivo do trabalho foi obter extratos de Jamelão mais concentrados em antocianinas. Nos extratos foram identificadas cinco antocianinas: delfinidina 3,5-diglicosídeo, cianidina 3,5-diglicosídeo, petunidina 3,5-diglicosídeo, peonidina 3,5-diglicosídeo e malvidina 3,5-diglicosídeo. No EEMPJ-SF as antocianinas apresentaram a seguinte ordem de concentração: petunidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (11,20%) > malvidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (9,40%) > delfinidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (7,57%) > cianidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (5,30%) > e peonidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (2,68%). O EEMPJ-SF apresentou um teor de antocianinas na ordem de 361,15 mg/g. No EEMJ-SF as antocianinas apresentaram a seguinte ordem de concentração: petunidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (2,37%) > delfinidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (1,94%) > malvidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (1,85%) > cianidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (0,95%) > e peonidina 3,5-diglicosídeo (0,44%). O EEMPJ-SF apresentou um teor de antocianinas na ordem de 75,43 mg/g. O Jamelão apresentou quantidades de antocianas superiores a outros frutos com notória atividade nutracêutica como mirtilo, amora, uva, açaí e acerola, por exemplo. Portanto, este estudo descreve preparo de um extrato padronizado muito rico em antocianinas agregando conhecimento científico a esta fruta ainda sem muito valor comercial em nosso país.
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