REALISMO CRÍTICO E HISTÓRIA:

ENSAIO SOBRE AS CONVERGÊNCIAS ENTRE E. P. THOMPSON E ROY BHASKAR

Resumen

This essay investigates the theoretical convergences between English historian Edward Palmer Thompson and philosopher Roy Bhaskar, particularly in developing alternative realist epistemologies. The text argues that despite Thompson not being a philosopher by training, his capacity to engage in high-level theoretical debates allows for productive dialogue with Bhaskar's "dialectical critical realism." The analysis focuses on three fundamental aspects: first, the ontological conception of multiple interacting layers of reality, where both authors defend a stratified reality that includes the past, possible futures, moral values, and feelings as material forces; second, the necessary differentiation between epistemology and ontology, rejecting the reduction of being to knowledge; and third, the dialectical tension between provisional totality and singularity in the process of knowledge. Both thinkers combat the supposed antitheses between materiality/values, particularity/totality, and subjectivity/objectivity, proposing open, relational ontologies in permanent movement. The essay concludes that Thompson and Bhaskar share an alternative realist perspective that recognizes reality's autonomy in relation to the knowing subject, without falling into naive realism, always maintaining the productive tension between knowledge and reality.