General aspects of subacute ruminal acidosis
Keywords:
Acidosis, Ruminal pH, Metabolic disease, RuminantsAbstract
Ruminal acidosis is a metabolic disease associated with the ingestion of large amounts of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates. The main clinical forms are acute ruminal acidosis and subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), which is characterized by a milder picture and a transient drop in pH. It is a challenging disorder to identify and prevent. There is no consensus regarding the cause of SARA, although the decrease in rumen pH is probably the main factor. Pathophysiology is complex, and clinical signs are nonspecific, making diagnosis difficult. SARA has long-term health and economic consequences due to its complications which considerably affect animal comfort and well-being. Due to the disease affecting herds, the current advances in this disease have gained greater focus on prevention that requires care in feeding management. Thus, animals must be monitored constantly to facilitate early recognition of the condition and limit losses. The present study aimed to review general aspects related to SARA, such as etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, highlighting its importance in health and in the production of ruminants.
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