BACTÉRIAS RESISTENTES A ANTIBIÓTICOS EM AMBIENTE AQUÁTICO: EFEITO NA PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL
Palavras-chave:
Mecanismos de resistência, Microbiologia, Multirresistência, Resistoma, Transferência de genesResumo
Objetivou-se discorrer sobre bactérias resistentes a antibióticos veiculadas em ambientes aquáticos, considerando os mecanismos, formas de aquisição e os efeitos à produção animal. A utilização de antibióticos para fins profiláticos, terapêuticos e agropecuários cresceu em larga escala nos últimos anos, levando à perda de eficiência no combate a patógenos. A crise atual dos antibióticos é decorrente de uma falha geral em compreender de forma abrangente a evolução, as fontes, a disseminação e os mecanismos moleculares da resistência, pois os reservatórios ambientais potenciais e suas diversidades genéticas de resistência associadas geralmente não são considerados no desenvolvimento de drogas. Assim, a pressão de seleção aplicada pelos antibióticos em diversos ambientes tem promovido a evolução e disseminação de genes de resistência bacteriana em escala mundial, nos mais variados tipos de ambientes. Resíduos antibióticos persistem no solo e em ambientes aquáticos, este último, atuando como importante reservatório de bactérias, facilitando a troca de material genético entre bactérias ambientais e patogênicas e permitindo a disseminação de genes e modificações no resistoma ambiental. Desta forma, existe uma preocupação tanto para a medicina humana quanto a veterinária devido a diversidade de doenças causadas em humanos e animais domésticos por bactérias multirresistentes. Entender as origens, diversidade e mecanismos de resistência com potencial para impactar animais de produção é de grande importância para identificar os riscos associados a interação entre bactérias de diferentes ecossistemas e o impacto destas à produção animal, seja pelo comprometimento da saúde dos animais e/ou pela contaminação dos produtos produzidos por estes e consequentes danos à saúde humana.
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