Serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in bitches whit mammary gland tumor
Keywords:
Cancer, Inflammation, PrognosisAbstract
There is strong evidence that inflammation plays a key role in all stages of tumorigenesis. In human medicine, C-reactive protein (CRP) is frequently used in tests for neoplastic biomarkers, however, few studies are available on the serum concentration of CRP in cases of canine mammary tumors (CMT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of CRP in bitches with CMT and its association with prognostic factors. Thirty bitches participated in the work, which were equally divided into two groups, with and without CMT. Bitches with CMT have higher concentrations of CRP (4.0±1.9mg/L) compared to the control group (1.0±1.2mg/L) and their values were positively correlated with inflammation and/or macroscopic ulceration (r=0.4), tumor size (r=0.6), histopathological grade (r=0.6), metastatic lymph node (r=0.6) and clinical stage (r=0.8).
References
CASSALI, G.D.; LAVALLE, G.E.; FERREIRA, E.; ESTRELA-LIMA, A.; DE NARDI, A. B.; GHEVER, C.; BESERRA, H.E. Consensus for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine mammary tumors-2013. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology, v.7, n.2, p.38-69, 2014.
ELSTON, C. W.; ELLIS, I. O. Assessment of histological grade. The Breast, v.13, p.356-384, 1998.
FANG Y.; XU C.; WU P.; ZHANG L.H.; LI, D.W.; SUN J.H.; LI W.F.; LIAO Z.S. Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore), v.96, p.8463, 2017.
FERNANDES, J.V.; COBUCCI, R.N.O.; JATOBÁ, C.A.N.; MEDEIROS FERNANDES, T. A. A.; AZEVEDO, J.W.V.; DE ARAÚJO, J.M.G. The role of the mediators of inflammation in cancer development. Pathology & Oncology Research, v.21, n.3, p.527-534, 2015.
JIANG, X.; SHAPIRO, D.J. The immune system and inflammation in breast cancer. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, v.382, n.1, p.673-682, 2014.
MERLO, A.; REZENDE, B.C.G.; FRANCHINI, M. L.; SIMÕES, D.M.N.; LUCAS, S.R.R. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with multicentric lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.230, n.4, p.522-526, 2007.
NIELSEN, L.; TOFT, N.; ECKERSALL, P. D.; MELLOR, D.J.; MORRIS, J.S. Serum C‐reactive protein concentration as an indicator of remission status in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.21, n.6, p.1231-1236, 2007.
PLANELLAS, M.; BASSOLS, A.; SIRACUSA, C.; SACO, Y.; GIMÉNEZ, M.; PATO, R.; PASTOR, J. Evaluation of serum haptoglobin and C‐reactive protein in dogs with mammary tumors. Veterinary clinical pathology, v.38, n.3, p.348-352, 2009.
SHIMURA, T.; SHIBATA, M.; GONDA, K.; MURAKAMI, Y.; NODA, M.; TACHIBANA, K.; ABE, N.; OHTAKE, T. Prognostic impact of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein on patients with breast cancer. Oncology Letters, v.17, p.5139-5146, 2019.
SIEMES, C.; VISSER L.E., JWW, C. C-reactive protein levels, variation in the C-reactive protein gene, and cancer risk: the Rotterdam study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, v.24, p.5216-5222, 2006.
SZCZUBIAŁ, M.; DABROWSKI, R.; ŁOPUSZYŃSKI, W.; BOCHNIARZ, M.; KRAWCZYK, M. Changes in serum neopterin and C-reactive protein concentrations in female dogs with mammary gland tumours. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, v.21, n.4, p.691-696, 2018.
TECLES, F.; CALDIN, M.; ZANELLA, A.; MEMBIELA, F.; TVARIJONAVICIUTE, A.; SUBIELA, S.M.; CERÓN, J.J. Serum acute phase protein concentrations in female dogs with mammary tumors. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, v.21, n.2, p.214-219, 2009.
VESELY, M.D.; Kershaw, M.H.; Schreiber, R.D.; SMYTH, M.J. Natural innate and adaptive immunity to cancer. Annual review of immunology, v.29, p.235-271, 2011.