Endometritis in mares: diagnosis and conventional and/or alternative treatments
Keywords:
Equine, Biofilm, Endometritis, Bacterium, FungusAbstract
Endometritis is the main cause of reduced fertility in mares, in addition to generating major economic and productive disorders within the horse market. The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review on the subject, addressing its etiology and main consequences, the senile state of the affected animals as well as their own uterine defense mechanisms, whether mechanical and / or chemotactic. We also evaluated the main microorganisms involved in endometritis as well as their virulence and antimicrobial resistance, one of the most serious and worrying problems that we face today. Virulence is related to the existence of genes that participate in physiological processes necessary for survival, found in pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Among the virulence factors related to pathogenic microorganisms in the equine uterus, biofilm formation is a topic of great relevance since most of the microorganisms found are capable of producing biofilm in vitro. We tried to outline the treatments used (conventional or alternative), including the combination of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial medications associated with the correction of anatomical defects. These treatments range from physical cleaning of the endometrium, to the use of antimicrobial, ecbolic, mucolytic drugs, as well as immunomodulators, biological protein concentrate (PRP), stem cells and ozone therapy.
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