Antibioticresistantbacteriaandtheaquaticenvironment:Effecton animalproduction
Keywords:
Resistance mechanisms, microbiology, multidrug resistance, gene transferAbstract
The use of antibiotic drugs on a large scale for prophylactic, therapeutic and agricultural purposes has increased over the years, becoming a problem due to the loss of efficiency of these drugs in combating pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, the selection pressure applied by antibiotics that are used mainly in clinical and agricultural environments has promoted the evolution and dissemination of genes that confer resistance to bacteria worldwide, regardless of their origins and in the most varied types of environmental systems. Antibiotics of urban and agricultural origin persist in the soil and in aquatic environments, the latter, acting as an important reservoir of bacteria, facilitating the exchange of genetic material between the environment and pathogenic bacteria, and then, allowing the spread of resistance genes. Thus, causing concern for both human and veterinary health, due tothe diversity diseases caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. In this context, knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the transfer and acquisition of resistance with the potential to reach farm animals is of great importance for understanding the risks associated with the spread of resistance among bacteria from different ecosystems to animal production, enabling the knowledge and development of strategies to combat and minimize its effects.
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