Male genital morphophysiology and prostatic pathologies in dogs

Abstract

Understanding the canine species, its specific characteristics, and major pathologies is essential for veterinary professionals. Among the diseases affecting this species, those related to the reproductive system are particularly noteworthy, with an emphasis on prostate disorders due to their high prevalence in clinical practice. This literature review aims to address the origin, morphology, physiology, and hormonal regulation of the male genital tract in dogs, as well as to highlight the most common prostate conditions, with the objective of providing guidance for diagnosis and management of the challenges frequently associated with these conditions. The male reproductive system in domestic dogs consists of the scrotum, testes, epididymides, vas deferens, prostate, pelvic urethra, penis, and prepuce, structures that play integrated and vital roles in reproduction and the overall health of the animal. As dogs age, the prostate becomes susceptible to pathologies such as hyperplasia, prostatitis, cysts, and neoplasms, whose nonspecific clinical signs may complicate diagnosis. In conclusion, it is imperative that veterinarians possess a detailed knowledge of the morphology of the male genital system, as well as the primary prostate disorders in dogs, in order to achieve accurate diagnoses and implement effective treatments. Early identification and appropriate management of these conditions are crucial to prevent complications and to promote greater longevity and quality of life in animals.