Coinfection by Cystoisospora ohioensis and Sarcocystis spp. in dog: treatment, and sanitary control strategies

Abstract

Coccidiosis caused by protozoa of the genus Cystoisospora is prevalent in dogs, primarily affecting the young or immunocompromised, manifesting with symptoms such as diarrhea and weight loss. Sarcocystosis, caused by Sarcocystis spp., results in cyst formation in various organs, with dogs acting as definitive or accidental intermediate hosts. Treatment typically involves the use of antimicrobial agents like Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim, which have demonstrated efficacy. Environmental control measures, such as hygiene practices and proper animal management, are essential to prevent the spread of these parasites. Following diagnosis, it was recommended that the producer avoid feeding dogs and cats with raw carcass scraps and viscera to reduce contact between them and sheep. There are no commercial vaccines against sarcocystosis, but the primary control measure is to eliminate oocysts and sporocysts by definitive hosts. It is crucial to prevent carnivores from accessing the food and water of intermediate hosts and to avoid offering raw meat to carnivores. Dead animals should be buried or burned, and meat should be frozen or well-cooked before consumption. Raising producer awareness about good agricultural practices and proper meat cooking is vital to controlling the spread of the infection.