THE 3RS AND THEIR OUTSPREAD: IMPORTANT TOOLS FOR ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
Keywords:
Laboratory animal, Experimentation, 3Rs, Ethical use, Animal welfareAbstract
The number of studies involving the use of animals has grown every year, as has the concern with ethical use, animal welfare, the quality of the results obtained, and the reproducibility of the studies. This work aims to demonstrate the development of the principle of the 3Rs, officially published in 1959, which has guided animal experimentation activities for over 60 years, as well as the other concepts that originated from them. The 3Ss (Good Science, Good Sense, and Good Sensibilities), the 3Vs (Construct Validity, Internal Validity, and External Validity), the 10F (Fundamental Principles), the 6P (Ethical Principles), and the 10Rs (the classic 3Rs related to animal welfare, the 5Rs related to scientific principles, and the 2Rs related to principles of conduct). All these tools have helped in conducting and ensuring the quality of studies involving the use of animals, as well as the ethical use and welfare of animal models.
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