Physicochemical and cytological aspects of synovial fluid of the temporomandibular joint in vaquejada horses
Keywords:
Arthrocentesis, TMJ, Horse, Equine odontologyAbstract
Dental disorders can directly affect the health of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), triggering inflammation and consequent pain, and leading to reduced athletic performance and behavioral problems. Thus, the present study aimed to carry out a physico-chemical and cytological evaluation of synovial fluid of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of Quarter Horses participating in Vaquejada competitions. Twenty-eight joints of 14 horses (12 males and two females) with an average weight of 384.21±55.01 kg and average age of 6.71±4.23 were evaluated, which had never received any type of dental treatment. All animals received the same nutritional management, consisting of commercial pelleted feed (twice a day), and lived in an intensive rearing regime. A general physical examination, dental evaluation, TMJ centesis, and cytological and physicochemical analysis of the synovial fluid were performed. From the results obtained, it is possible to affirm that the analyzed variables are within the reference parameters and that the dental alterations detected by the intraoral examination were not able to promote alterations in the temporomandibular joint of Vaquejada horses. It was concluded that the oral alterations found do not lead to TMJ problems; that TMJ centesis should be performed in an environment close to the clinical laboratory; for the measurement of total proteins in the synovial fluid, the most reliable evaluation is the biuret method; and, for the diagnosis of lesions in this joint, studies that enable the understanding of joint dynamics in the inflammatory response are essential.
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