Use of polysaccharidic extracts from the Caesalpinia ferrea medicinal plant in edema stimulation in the rats paw
Keywords:
Caesalpinioideae, Plant polysaccharides, InflammationAbstract
The innate system is able to promote immediate inflammatory response to injuries, acting as an initial defense mechanism, being its failing associated to exacerbated response as asthma or to deficiencies, that lead to rapid serious infection. Thus, the better understanding of this process as well as the use of modulatory molecules is extremely important. Plant polysaccharides are recognized for its antiviral, antitumor, immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects. Polysaccharide extract obtained from Caesalpinia ferrea barks, a plant widely is used in folk medicine for wound healing, among others. This effect had been confirmed for the polysaccharide extract obtained from its barks. The present study evaluated the inflammatory activity of polyssaccharide extracts obtained from barks (PEB), pods (PEP) and leaves (PEL) of Caesalpinia ferrea. The plant was collected at Custódio, Quixadá-CE for obtention of the polyssaccharide extracts. Barks, pods and leaves were suspended in methanol, re-suspended in 0.1 M NaOH, neutralized with 1 M HCl and evaluated for carbohydrate and protein content. PEB, PEP and PEL were tested in female Wistar rats (150-250g) in the model of paw edema induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) intraplantar administration of dextran (300 µg), carrageenan (300 µg) or polyssaccharide extracts (0.01, 0.1 e 1 mg/kg) and measured by plesthysmometry (0 - 8h). C. ferrea polyssaccharide extracts presented high content of carbohydrate (PEB: 44%; PEP: 31%; PEL: 44%) and edematogenic activity, with maximal efficacy at 1 mg/kg: PEB (0.75±0.05 mL vs. saline: 0.45±0.04 mL); PEP (0.46±0.06 mL; vs saline: 0.16±0.02 mL); PEL (0.3±0.01 mL; saline: 0.18±0.02 mL). In addition, the edematogenic effect presented by the extracts were inferior compared to those induced by the flogistic agents carrageenan or dextran: PEB: 1.5x vs. carrageenan (93.7±6.1) and 1.2x vs. dextran (76.5±5.0); PEP: 1.6x vs. carrageenan (82.5±6.1) and 3.9x to dextran (76.5±5.0); PEL: 2.8x inferior to carrageenan (93.7±6.1) and 2.1x vs. dextran (76.5±5.0). In conclusion PEB, PEP and PEL induce edematogenic effect at different degrees in rat, being that of PEL of minor intensity, suggesting its use as immunostimulant.
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