Muscular and bone analysis of rats submitted to immobilization and recovered with aquatic therapy
Keywords:
Immobilization, Muscle, Mouse, Bone DensityAbstract
Among the different resources used in the orthopedic clinic, immobilization is an instrument routinely used in the treatment of muscular and bone injuries, however, this procedure causes several damages to the immobilized structure. In order to reverse the adverse effects of immobilization, aquatic therapy is used due to the beneficial effects of immersion in water, which helps physiological adjustments of the body. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of aquatic therapy in situations of immobilization in the gastrocnemius muscle and lower limb bone structure. The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics for the Use of Animals of the State University of Ceará, under the protocol nº 1122178 of 05/10/2017. Thirty-two female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (CTR), Immobilize (I), Aquatic Therapy (AT) and Immobilized with Aquatic Therapy (IAT). Immobilization occurred in the right hind limb, including the pelvis, hip, femur, knee (extension), tibia, and ankle (plantar flexion) for two weeks. Aquatic therapy occurred for six days a week over two weeks. After this period the animals were sacrificed and dissected the structures of interest: gastrocnemius, tibia and femur of the hind paws (right and left). Muscle trophism was calculated by the ratio between the weight of the wet gastrocnemius muscle (mg) and the final body weight (g) of the animals. The relative muscle strength was determined by the ratio of muscle weight (mg) to tibial length (mm). From the bone structures the following structures of interest were analyzed: epiphysis (proximal and distal), diaphysis and bone length. For the statistical analysis it was used ANOVA One way with Brown-Forsythe and Kruskal-Wallis test, considering difference with p <0.05. Results were expressed as average ± standard error. It was found that immobilization for two weeks caused loss of muscle strength associated with trophism in the gastrocnemius muscle, in addition to compromising bone structure and density. However, it was observed that treatment with aquatic therapy was able to reverse adverse effects on the muscular and bone structures, being a great ally in reducing the negative effects of immobilization.
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