TESTES DE ESFORÇO EM CAVALOS: ÍNDICES ÚTEIS AO AJUSTE DO TREINAMENTO
Palavras-chave:
cavalos atletas, desempenho, condicionamento, lactato, frequência cardíaca, consumo de oxigênioResumo
A capacidade de se adaptar ao treinamento é bastante variável entre cavalos, submetidos a um mesmo programa de treinamento físico. O ajuste das cargas de treinamento, segundo a resposta individual, se faz essencial, para que os cavalos possam desenvolver seus potenciais atléticos com o mínimo de estresse e risco de lesões. Há diversos testes ergométricos e variáveis úteis ao monitoramento da resposta fisiológica ao treinamento e ao controle da intensidade do exercício, como a concentração plasmática de lactato, o consumo máximo de oxigênio e a frequência cardíaca. Alguns estudos têm demonstrado que a adaptação cardiorrespiratória em cavalos sofre maior influência do volume do treinamento, do que da intensidade do mesmo. Ao mesmo tempo, há alterações relacionadas à respiração mitocondrial e à capacidade de tamponamento, importantes à manutenção do exercício de moderada a alta intensidade, que são resultantes dos treinamentos de alta intensidade. Características inerentes ao animal, como a máxima frequência cardíaca, o consumo máximo de oxigênio e a concentração de hemoglobina podem constituir importantes limites ao rendimento. O presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar ferramentas úteis ao ajuste do treinamento esportivo em cavalos e analisar comparativamente a resposta fisiológica ao treinamento em cavalos e atletas humanos.
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