Similarities and differences of duplicity in english and vietnamese

Duplicity is a phenomenon that occurs when two or more words have the same tone or grammatical structure. The same language is used in many different languages, including in English and Vietnamese. In this article, the author focuses on researching the similarities and differences of duplicity in English and Vietnamese. Like other languages, in addition to the univesal rules, in English there are many "abnormal" phenomena that make users feel "absurd", "contradictory", including the phenomenon of coincidence. language. To show the validity as well as the value of these "unusual" structures is a difficult but extremely interesting problem, requiring research and clarification. In this article, the author will focus on clarifying the following issues: research on theoretical basis; Point out the similarities and differences of the phenomenon of duplicity in English and Vietnamese; Application of duplicity in learning and teaching English and Vietnamese.

In this topic, we use the comparison-contrast method to clarify the similarities and differences in structure, the phenomenon of similarity in English and Vietnamese.Method of determining the basis of comparison.This common base or background is often called tertium comparationis (TC).This is a Latin word for the third in comparison.TC not only determines comparability, but also governs comparative results.The essence of determining the basis of comparison is to specify the object of comparison and the standard of comparison.The comparison in this article is the phenomenon of duplicity in English and Vietnamese.The benchmark is defined as the value of duplication in functional styles.
Carl James distinguishes two types of comparative analysis as theoretical contrastive analysis and applied contrastive analysis.In this study, the author uses the method of comparative theoretical analysis to interpret the comparative literature.When interpreting the comparative documents, the article uses the following two methods: (1) The method of parallel research, studying the facts and phenomena of the comparative languages in each language by the methods of comparison.method of descriptive method, and then compare the results obtained; (2) The method of structural analysis to study the differences of linguistic phenomena in different languages.Two-way comparative research: examines the compared phenomena of two or more languages in their reciprocal relationship on a comparative basis, based on a certain criterion.Select the criteria and identify the expressive linguistic means that belong to this category in the reference languages.This procedure raises the question: what means are there in languages A and B to denote/belong to what is chosen as the criterion.This approach is called two-way collation, not because comparing languages in both directions from language A to language B and then back from language B to language A, but rather the study of Criteria expression form in two languages, then analyze what are the similarities and differences between these expressions, neither language is the source language and which is the target language.

Research questionas: (1) On what issues does the overlap in English and
Vietnamese take place?(2) What are the similarities and differences between Vietnamese and English words?(3) What problems does the study of overlapping languages in English and Vietnamese bring?

Theoretical basis
Duplicity is the phenomenon of using more linguistic means than usual to express something, causing an abnormal feeling for both speakers and listeners.The study of the duplicityin English and Vietnamese is shown through three phenomena such as: Pleonasm; Tautology; Self-reference.
Pleonasm (BENNETT 1918;BENNETT, 2007;NOFAL, 2014) is too complete an idiom to be unnecessary.The use of more words than are necessary to express a meaning.
For example, "see with your eyes" is a pleonasm because the same meaning can be expressed using "see" (HORNBY; WEHMEIER; ASHBY, 2005).On the origin of Pleonasm (LAVIDAS, 2015;BOZOROVA, 2021) which is derived from ancient Greece to this day, there are many different views such as: Phraseological overlap is a feature of languages that have different meanings.structuralism (STURROCK, 2008;PIAGET, 2015;KRONENFELD;DECKER, 1979;HELLER, 1984) in linguistics.Accordingly, phrase overlap is a way language uses to create complex sentence patterns from simpler basic components; Phraseological overlap is a feature of repetition in the language of functionalism (BLOCK, 1982;TURNER;MARYANSKI, 1979;HOLMWOOD, 2005) in linguistics.Accordingly, phrase overlap is a way that language uses to increase persuasion and create strong impressions in the minds of listeners or readers; Phraseological overlap is a form of literature or poetry of the literary theory school (EAGLETON, 2011;JAUSS;BENZINGER, 1970;BREWTON, 2005) in linguistics.According to this school, phrase duplication is a literary technique used to create balance and emphasis in literature and poetry; Phraseological duplication is a form of psychology and the human mind of psychologism (SOBER, 1978); (CRANE, 2014); (BLOCK, 1981) in linguistics.In this school of thought, phrase overlap is a way that language uses to stimulate awareness and create strong impressions in the minds of listeners or readers; "A duplication is a sub-main phrase in which the auxiliary element repeats an attribute already present in the central word as its semantic element" (HAO.1997).All of these notions point to linguists' interest in historical phraseology and how it has been used to produce various effects in language.
Tautology (BULHOF; GIMBEL, 2004);(DREBEN;FLOYD, 1991); (PRIEM; BUTLER, 2001) appears frequently, it is the deliberate repetition of the same words, in different linguistic combinations, that is absolutely necessary to impress people.read.The term tautology is derived from the Greek words tauto meaning "same" and logos meaning "idea", referring to the repetition of different sentences to talk about the same thing or event.In the definitions of tautology, the authors assert that they are sentences or propositions.
Naturalism (PAPINEAU, 2007); (FURST, SKRINE, 2017); (PIGDEN, 1991) argues that propositional coincidence is a feature of natural languages.Accordingly, clause overlap is a natural and common phenomenon in languages around the world.Logicism (TENNANT, 2013); (FEFERMAN, 1999); (MACFARLANE, 2002) considers that clause overlap is an unnecessary phenomenon in language.Propositional duplication is just unnecessary repetition in the language and does not contribute anything to the meaning of the sentence.
The school of literary theory (JAUSS; BENZINGER, 1970); (BREWTON, 2005); (RIVKIN; RYAN, 2017) argues that propositional overlap is a literary technique.Propositional overlap is a technique used to create balance and emphasis in literature and poetry.These views show the diversity of views on propositional parallelism in the history of linguistics.Although the views of the different schools on overlapping language, it is still a phenomenon that exists and is frequently used in natural language and literature.
Therefore, the main clause coincident is an extension of the phrase similarity, in which the common structure is that the two sides of the clause are connected by a copula, that is, a linking verb.Some familiar collocations: be, look, seem, become, appear, etc.
Self-referential clause duplication, is the phenomenon of clause overlap, but in which the verb of the clause is not necessarily a system of words, but can be an active verb, including three types: as follows: Verbs refer or refer to their own nouns such as "When Rev. Pemo, Fortaleza, v. 5, e10875, 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47149/pemo.v5.e10875.https://revistas.uece.br/index.php/revpemoISSN: 2675-519X 6 there was a water shortage, the silly party proposed to dilute the water to make it go futher" (HUGHES, 1984).The verb dilute refers to the noun water.One can dilute everything, but not water.It is this reference that creates the coincidence, in other words, creates a different structural form for the proposition; A self-contained clause referencing verb is a verb that is used to redefine the subject or object of the previous clause in the sentence.In the case of a clause referencing verb containing itself, we call it a reflexive anaphora; Possessive reflexive pronoun is used to indicate that the subject of a verb is the same person or thing.
The phenomenon of "its own self" is a case of the subject referential complement, in which the subject of the verb becomes the subject of the subject referential complement.
Example: Every man is his own chief enemy (HOURANI, 2012).
Syntactic pleonasm occurs when a certain grammatical element exists that is not mandatory in a linguistic structure.Example: I know that you are coming.In this structure, that is an optional grammatical element, it may or may not be present.Therefore, it is Overlap (HOOD; WILSON, 2003) is the semantic component of a word included in a single word.another word.For example: Receive a free gift with every purchase should have used "a gift" in the sentence; Prolixity (AUER; RT' MFELDT, 2004) duplicity by words and phrases that do not add anything to the meaning of the sentence.Example: I'm going down south, for this sentence just say "going south" One of the laws of language is the law of thrift.This rule is reflected in all aspects of phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar.That is to say, language always tends to use the finite to represent the infinite.However, the phenomenon of duplication seems to "violate" this rule because it uses more linguistic means than usual when expressing it.It is this that makes the same language have a special structural form.Coincidence and alliteration both contain in it the element of repetition and are based on a psychological law: a stimulus that remaining types are quite similar in terms of quantity.Both English and Vietnamese have the two most common types of paradox, which are clause paradoxes and noun phrase paradoxes with almost equal proportions.Propositional inversion is the type that accounts for the largest number (English: 50.48%;Vietnamese: 53.15%).The noun phrase paradox is in the second position (English: 25.25%; Vietnamese: 31.06%).
In terms of structure, both English and Vietnamese have all kinds of similarity such as: phrase and phrase; self-referential clause and self-referential clause.From that, it shows that in terms of structure, English and Vietnamese phrases overlap not only in general structure.But they are also similar in terms of specific types.
Phrase duplication includes: noun phrase duplication; verb phrases and adjective phrases.The general structure of the phrase duplication is a sub-component that repeats the meaning of the center.Sub-components can come before or after the center because of differences in the type as well as the rules of grammar and word order of each language, not the difference in the nature of the same language.Thus, it shows: The general structure In terms of the value of similarity in functional styles, English and Vietnamese have many similarities when used in functional styles.We can see this in functional styles such as: Speech; The ambiguity of ancient words; The loss of meaning of acronyms; Art; Reflecting the law of life; Express the author's attitude; Increase the expressive value of the content; Comply with harmonic laws; Used in speeches.
The English and Vietnamese duplicity in oral style all have blurred meanings of ancient words or borrowed words; loss of meaning of acronyms.The reason for such similarity is due to the borrowing of words between languages occurring in both English and Vietnamese (English borrowed from French, Latin, Greek... Vietnamese borrowed from Chinese, French, English...).This is a phenomenon of language interference that has occurred in history (and now) leading to the addition of a large number of foreign words into the native language.In the process of using, the meaning of imported words is gradually lost and leads to the birth of the above-mentioned duplicate words.

Differences
In terms of structure, there is a big difference between Vietnamese and English duplication, that is: word-level duplicates only appear in Vietnamese, not in English at all.These include repeating words and compound words.Even in Vietnamese they account for a very large percentage (33.73%).One of the reasons for existence of word-level overlapping structure in Vietnamese is due to the influence of the law of harmonics.All rhetorical measures, language structures... are subject to this influence.This is especially important for a tonal language like Vietnamese.
of harmonics, but it mainly governs vowels and consonants, but does not affect the appearance of English words.For example, the harmony of consonants is expressed through a number of rules.rules such as: voiced, unvoiced, consonant assimilation, arched...The above rules of English are only intended to make vocabulary easier to pronounce.In contrast, in Vietnamese, the law of harmonics plays an important role in the emergence of overlapping words.
Another big difference is that the English language appears a lot in legal documents.
That has historical reasons.At the time of the laws, some lawyers argued that Latin was more accurate than English, and even English was considered a "vulgar" language."Law Latin as a technical language calculated for eternal duration, and easy to be apprehended both in present and future times; and on those accounts best suited to preserve those memorials which are intended for perpetual rules of action " Buşila Alina (2011).Their formation of the habit of using Latin shows that the language of the law remains unchanged, although English has moved on to develop.

Application of duplicity in learning and teaching English and Vietnamese
The study of duplicate languages in English and Vietnamese is very important for teaching and learning today, such as: Mastering the content of the same language will help learners master and approach many new vocabulary and new ways of learning.use a variety of words in writing; Using the same language helps learners become more confident in using the language and their communication skills.By using the same language, learners can express their ideas more clearly and accurately; Mastering duplicates helps learners remember vocabulary and sentence structure easily by repeating words and sentence structure many times in an article or speech; The frequent use of homophones in writing and speaking increases their persuasive power to others.Using similar words and sentences, learners can highlight their ideas and increase the persuasiveness of their writing or speech; Using duplicates helps learn their understanding of language by analyzing words and sentence structure.Learners can understand how words and sentences are used in different contexts.
In teaching, using identical words is the simplest method to use duplicate words in language learning and teaching.This is a technique of repeating words or groups of words with the same or semantically equivalent to increase persuasion and help learners understand the idea of the article or speech.This technique uses repetition of phrases or sentences that are the same or semantically equivalent to increase persuasion and help learners understand the ideas of the lesson.This technique uses repetition of sentences with the same or semantically equivalent to increase persuasion and help learners understand the idea of the lesson.Using synonyms or synonyms to replace the original word in text or speech helps to increase vocabulary and reduce repetition.Use words that have opposite or opposite meaning to create a contrasting effect.

Conclusion
Duplicates are a special linguistic structure, in terms of form, they have diverse structures such as: word-level duplication; phrase duplication; clause overlap; selfreferential clause overlap.In terms of semantics, similarity is built on two relationships that are (1) identity relation and (2) inclusion relation with many different types.Coincidences are widely used in linguistic styles such as: oral language; art; administrative; political discourse and made great contributions to the functioning of each particular style.
Comparing and contrasting to show the similarities and differences of the same language in English and Vietnamese can help researchers have more scientific basis to give the same language a worthy position.Besides, it also helps to improve teaching and learning.
The study of duplicate languages to come up with effective teaching methods to improve language skills for learners is a necessary job.The use of duplicates can help increase memory, vocabulary, understanding of ideas, and logic of language.In particular, when using the same language, learners can approach vocabulary, grammatical structures and language usage in a more natural and intuitive way.In addition, duplicityalso helps considered a syntactical coincidence.Syntactic duplication has several forms, such as: Overinflection (RICCI, 2003; RICCI, 2008); Repeat negation; Multiple Affirmation (GREEN, 1999; MARINO, 2011); Double Possession (RODRÍGUEZ-MONDOÑEDO, FAFULAS, 2016); (SHIN; YOPÁN, 2023).Semantic pleonasm (KASHEFI; LUCAS; HWA, 2018) has the following two forms: of the noun phrase is the central noun = predicate; The general structure of the phrasal verb is the central verb = object / complement; The general structure of the same adjective phrase is the central adjective = complement.Both English and Vietnamese clause duplicity are extensions of phrase overlapping and include two types: simple clause duplicates and complex clause duplicates.They have a common structural pattern: a single clause in which two elements overlap in meaning; a complex clause in which two component clauses have the same meaning.Some types of English clauses that are not found in Vietnamese such as relative clauses, passive clauses, etc., are due to the characteristics of the language type, not the difference in the nature of the same language. .Self-referential clauses have similarities in two types, namely: referential verbs containing clauses; subject/subject referential complement.Example: In English: I saw a bird yesterday.It was flying in the sky.("It" refers to "a bird"); In Vietnamese: I saw the bird yesterday.It is flying in the sky.("It" refers to "bird") In terms of semantics, in English as well as in Vietnamese, coincident language is built on the relationship of identity and inclusion.However, they only have similarities in the type-identity relationship in English and Vietnamese such as: Concept = concept; Things/things/people = things/things/people; Action = action; Characteristics = characteristics; Status = status.