ENZIMAS EXÓGENAS NA DIETA DE LEITÕES DESMAMADOS
Schlagworte:
Carbohidrases, Fitases, Proteases, SuinoculturaAbstract
O desmame é caracterizado como o período mais crítico da produção de suínos devido à imaturidade digestiva e à baixa concentração de enzimas digestivas, como carboidrases, proteases e fitases, nas primeiras semanas do pós-desmame, o que ocasiona o baixo desempenho dos leitões. Neste caso, há a necessidade de suplementação exógena de enzimas que atuam na degradação de frações do alimento, aumentando o aproveitamento da dieta. A nutrição enzimática exógena tem sido considerada uma alternativa eficaz frente à baixa concentração de enzimas endógenas nas primeiras semanas após o desmame por contribuir para o aumento na digestibilidade das dietas sólidas e, deste modo, para um maior aproveitamento dos ingredientes. Na nutrição de suínos, as enzimas exógenas mais utilizadas são as carboidrases, as proteases e as fitases. Ademais, a utilização de blends enzimáticos também é considerada uma ótima alternativa, pois contribui para a inibição de fatores antinutricionais, os quais são responsáveis por indisponibilizar nutrientes necessários para o desenvolvimento e desempenho dos animais. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar as principais enzimas exógenas utilizadas na nutrição de leitões desmamados, bem como seus efeitos no desempenho animal.
Literaturhinweise
ARSENAULT, R.J.; LEE, J.T.; LATHAM, R.; CARTER, B.; KOGUT, M.H. Changes in immune and metabolic gut response in broilers fed β-mannanase in β-mannan-containing diets. Poultry Science, v.96, n.12, p.4307–3216, 2017.
BEDFORD, M.R.; COWIESON, A.J. Exogenous enzymes and their effects on intestinal microbiology. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.173, n.1/2, p.76–85, 2012.
BRANDÃO MELO, A.D.; OLIVEIRA, A.C.F.; SILVA, P.; SANTOS, J.B.; MORAIS, R.; OLIVEIRA, G.R.; WERNICK, B.; CARVALHO, P.L.O.; ARTONI, S.M.B.; COSTA, L.B. 6-phytase and/or endo-β-xylanase and -glucanase reduce weaner piglet´s diarrhea and improve bone parameters. Livestock Science, v.238, n.8, p1-8, 2020.
CHEN, H.C.; JENSEN, M.S.F.; CHUNG, J.; MEASON, G. Exploring faculty perceptions of teaching cultural competence in nursing. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, v.15, n.1, p.1-6, 2020.
DUARTE, M.E.; KIM, S.W. Intestinal microbiota and its interaction to intestinal health in nursery pigs. Animal Nutrition, v.7, n.6, p.1-9, 2021.
FENG, J.; WANG, L.; CHEN, Y.; XIONG, Y.; WU, Q.; JIANG, Z.; YI, H. Effects of niacin on intestinal immunity, microbial community and intestinal barrier in weaned piglets during starvation. International Immunopharmacology, v.95, n.6, p.1-10, 2021.
FERREIRA, D.N.M.; DUTRA JÚNIOR, W.M.; PALHARES, L.O.; COELHO, A.H.S.C.; LOURENÇO-SILVA, M.I.; MELO, R.L.C. Desempenho e características de carcaça de suínos em crescimento alimentados com torta de algodão e complexo enzimático. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v.71, n.5, p.1616-1622, 2019.
GHARAEI, M.A.; DASTAR, B.; NAMEGHI, A.H.; TABAR, G.H.; SHARGH, M.S. Effects of Guar meal with and without β-mannanas enzyme on performance and immune response of broiler chicks. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, v.3, p.2785-2793, 2012.
GOMES, B.K.; CONY, B.S.L.; STELLA, L. Enzimas exógenas na alimentação de suínos. Revista Eletrônica Nutritime, v.16, n.3, p.1-11, 2019.
GONZÁLEZ-ORTIZ, G.; CALLEGARI, M.A.; WILCOCK, P.; MELO-DURAN, D.; BEDFORD, M.R.; OLIVEIRA, H.R.V.; DA SILVA, C.A. Dietary xylanase and live yeast supplementation influence intestinal bacterial populations and growth performance of piglets fed a sorghum-based diet. Animal Nutrition, v.6, n.4, p.457-466, 2020.
GUGGENBUHL, P.; WACHÉ, Y.; WILSON J.W. Effects of dietary supplementation with a protease on the apparent ileal digestibility of the weaned piglet. Journal of Animal Science, v.90, n.4, p.152-154, 2012.
HAN, X.; YAN, F.; NIE, X.; XIA, W.; CHEN, S.; ZHANG, X.; QIAN, L. Effect of replacing antibiotics using multi-enzyme preparations on production performance and antioxidant activity in piglets. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, v.16, n.3, p.640–647, 2017.
HE, K.; YAN, W.; SUN, C.; LIU, J.; BAI, R.; WANG, T.; QIAN, W. Alterations in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in weaned piglets infected with Balantioides coli. Veterinary Parasitology, v.28, n.8, p.1-9, 2020.
HE, X.; YU, B.; HE, J.; HUANG, Z.; MAO, X.; ZHENG, P.; CHEN, D. Effects of Xylanase on Growth Performance, Nutrients Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Weaned Piglets. Livestock Science, v.233, n.3, p.1-34, 2020.
HEO, J.M.; OPAPEJU, F.O.; PLUSKE, J.R.; HAMPSON, D.J.; NYACHOTI, C.N. Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control post-weaning diarrhoea without using in-feed antimicrobial compounds. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, v.9, n.2, p.207-37, 2013.
HIGANO, L.M.; KIEFER, C.; SILVA, C.M. Use of propolis for weaned piglets. Ciência Animal, v.30, n.3, p.97-108, 2020.
JANG, K.B.; PURVIS, J.M.; KIM, S.W. Supplemental effects of dietary lysophospholipids in lactation diets on sow performance, milk composition, gut health, and gut-associated microbiome of offspring. Journal of Animal Science, v.98, n.8, p.1-45, 2020.
JI, W.; BI, Y.; CHENG, Z.; LIU, R.; ZHANG, X.; SHI, Y.; LI, X.; BAO, J.; LIU, H. Impact of early socialization environment on social behavior, physiology and growth performance of weaned piglets. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, v.238, n.5, p.1-8, 2021.
JO, J.K.; INGALE, S.L.; KIM, J.S.; KIM, Y.W.; KIM, K.H. LOHAKARE, J.D. LEE, J.H.; CHAE, B.J. Effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation to corn- and soybean meal-based or complex diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites in growing pigs. Jornal of Animal Science, v.90, n.9, 3041–3048, 2012.
O’DOHERTY, J.V.; FORED, S.; CALLAN, J.J. The use of microbial phytase in grower and finisher pig diets. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, v.38, n.2, p.227-239, 1999.
KARASOVA, D.; CRHONOVA, M.; BABAK, V.; JERABEK, M.; BRZOBOHATY, L.; MATESOVA, Z.; RYCHLIK, I. Development of piglet gut microbiota at the time of weaning influences development of postweaning diarrhea – A field study. Research in Veterinary Science, v.135, n.3, p.59-65, 2021.
KIPPER, M.; ANDRETTA, I.; QUADROS, V.R.; SCHOREDER, B.; PIRES, P.G.S.; FRANCESCHINA, C.S.; HICKMANN, F.M.W.; FRANÇA, I. Performance responses of broilers and pigs fed diets with β-mannanase. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.49, n.1, p.1-13, 2020.
KRABBE, E.L.; GOPINGER, E.; DOS SANTOS BEZERRA, N.; COSTA, A.P.G.C.; GOMES, H.A. Avaliação dos benefícios do uso de xilanase na digestibilidade de nutrientes em suínos. Concórdia, SC: Embrapa Suínos e Aves, 2019. 9p. (Comunicado Técnico, 567).
LIMA, M.D.; LOPES, I.M.G.; SILVA, K.F.; MIRANDA, H.A.F.; ALMEIDA, A.C.; DUARTE, E.R. Use of additivies in diets for piglets in nursing stage: a review. Research, Society and Development, v.9, n.12, p.1-31, 2020.
LIU, H.; ZENG, X.; ZHANG, G.; HOU, C.; LI, N.; YU, H.; SHANG, L.; ZHANG, X.; TREVISI, P.; YANG, F.; LIU, Z.; QIAO, S. Maternal milk and fecal microbes guide the spatiotemporal development of mucosa-associated microbiota and barrier function in the porcine neonatal gut. BMC Biology. v.17, n.1, p.106-120, 2019.
LIU, S.; MA, C.; LIU, L.; NING, D.; LIU, Y. DONG, B. β-xylosidase and β-mannosidase in combination improved growth performance and altered microbial profiles in weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. Asian-Australas Journal of Animal Sciences, v.32, n.11, p.1734-1744, 2019.
LOPES, I.M.G.; SANTOS, L.F.X.; SOUZA, J.P.P.; LIMA, M.D.; CARIBÉ, G.F.; VIEIRA, L.E.V.; CARVALHO, C.M.C.; ALMEIDA, A.C. Evaluation of use of yeast blends in diets for nursey, growth and finishing pigs. Research, Society and Development, v.10, n.3, p.1-13, 2021.
LÓPEZ GÁLVEZ, G.; ALONSO, M.L.; PECHOVA, A.; MAYO, B.; DIERICK, N.; GROPP, J. Alternatives to antibiotics and trace elements (copper and zinc) to improve gut health and zootechnical parameters in piglets: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.271, n.1, p.1-89, 2021.
LUISE, D.; MOTTA, V.; BOUDRY, C.; SALVARANI, C.; CORREA, F.; MAZZONI, M.; TREVISI, P. The supplementation of a corn/barley-based diet with bacterial xylanase did not prevent diarrhoea of ETEC susceptible piglets, but favoured the persistence of Lactobacillus reuteri in the gut. Livestock Science, v.240, n.11, p.1-10, 2020.
LV, J.N.; CHEN, Y.Q.; GUO, X.J.; PIAO, X.S.; CAO, Y.H.; DONG, B. Effects of supplementation of β-mannanase in corn-soybean meal diets on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Asian Australasia Journal of Animal Science, v.26, n.4, p.579-587, 2013.
MA, J.; PIÃO, X.; SHANG, Q.; LONG, S.; LIU, S.; MAHFUZ, S. Mixed organic acid alternative to antibiotics improves serum biochemical parameters and intestinal health of weaned piglets. Animal Nutrition, v.7, n.3, p.737-749, 2021.
MACIEL, J.T.L.; BRITO, C.O.; SILVA, C.M. Exogenous enzymes action on the intestinal microbiota: gene expression and perform of poultry. Ciência Animal, v.30, n.2, p.94-108, 2020.
MANN, E.; SCHIMITZ, E.S.; ZEBELI, Q.; WAGNER, M.; RITZMAN, M.; ZEBEL, M.B.U. Mucosa-Associated Bacterial Microbiome of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Weaned Pigs and Dynamics Linked to Dietary Calcium-Phosphorus. Plos One, v.9, n.1, p.1-13, 2014.
MORISSETTE, B.; TALBOT, G.; BEAULIEU, C.; LESSARD, M. Growth performance of piglets during the first two weeks of lactation affects the development of the intestinal microbiota. Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, v.102, n.2, p.525-532, 2017.
MOWAT, A.M.; AGACE, W.W. Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology, v.14, n.10, p.667–685, 2014.
MU, C.; YANG, Y.; SU, Y.; ZOETENDAL, E.G.; ZHU, W. Differences in microbiota membership along the gastrointestinal tract of piglets and their differential alterations following an early-life antibiotic intervention. Microbial Symbioses, v.8, n.797, p.1-14, 2017.
NETO, M.A.T.; VELA, C.G.; DADALT, J.C. Amino acid digestibility and energy use by weaned piglets fed yellow corn, sorghum and an exogenous enzymes combination. Livestock Science, v.240, n.10, p.1-8, 2020.
OLIVEIRA, V.; FIALHO, E.T.; LIMA, J.A.F.; OLIVEIRA, A.I.G; FREITAS, R.T.F. Substituição do milho por casca de café em rações isoenergéticas para suínos em crescimento e terminação. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, v.25, n.2, p.424- 436, 2001.
PAULA, E.F.E.; CHEN, R.F.F.; MAIA, F.P. Enzimas exógenas na nutrição de animais monogástricos. PUBVET, v.3, n.14, p.1-18, 2009.
PETRY, A.L.; PATIENCE, J.F. Xylanase supplementation in corn-based swine diets: a review with emphasis on potential mechanisms of action. Journal of Animal Science, v.98, n.11, p.1-44, 2020.
PRETY, A.L.; HUNTLEY, N.F.; BEDFORD, M.R.; PATIENCE, J.F.; Xylanase increased the energetic contribution of fiber and improved the oxidative status, gut barrier integrity, and growth performance of growing pigs fed insoluble corn-based fiber. Journal of Animal Science. v.98, n.7, p.1-40, 2020.
ROSELLI, M.; PIEPER, R.; ROGEL-GAILLARD, C.; VRIES, H.; BARILEY, M.; SMIDT, H.; LAURIDSEN, C. Immunomodulating effects of probiotics for microbiota modulation, gut health and disease resistance in pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.233, n.11, p.104-119, 2017.
RUFINO, L.M.; NUNES, R.C.; STRINGHINI, J.H.; MASCARENHAS, A.G.; ARNHOLD, E.; COELHO, K.O.; ROCHA, F.R.T.; KIEFER, C. Available phosphorus reduction in weaned piglets’ diets containing phytase combined with butyric and benzoic acids. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, v.38, n.3, p.1429-1440, 2017.
SCHOKKER, D.; FLEDDRUS, J.; JANSEN, R.; VASTENHOUW, S.A.; BREE, F.M.; SMITS, M.A.; JANSMAN, A.A.J.M. Supplementation of fructooligosaccharides to suckling piglets affects intestinal microbiota colonization and immune development. Journal of Animal Science, v.96, n.6, p.2139-2153, 2018.
SHANG, Q.H.; MA, X.K.; LI, M.; ZHANG, L.H.; HU, J.X.; PIAO, X.S. Effects of α-galactosidase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activities in weaned piglets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.236, n.2, p.48–56, 2018.
SHANG, Q.; LIU, H.; WU, D.; MAHFUZ, S.; PIAO, X. Source of fiber influences growth, immune responses, gut barrier function and microbiota in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diets. Animal Nutrition. v.7, n.2, p.315-325, 2021.
SHASTAK, Y.; ADER, P.; FEURSTEIN, D.; RUEHLE, R.; MATUSCHEK, M. ß-Mannan and mannanase in poultry nutrition. World's Poultry Science Journal, v.71, n.1, p.161-174, 2015.
SUTTON, T.A.; O’NEIL, H.V.M.; BEDFORD, M.R.; McDERMOTT, K.; MILLER, H.M. Effect of xylanase and xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance and faecal bacterial community composition in growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.274, n.4, p.1-10, 2021.
TIAN, S.; WANG, J.; YU, H.; WANG, J; ZHU, W. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on growth and gut function of newborn suckling piglets. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, v.9, n.75, p.1-11, 2018.
TIWARI, U.P.; CHEN, H.; KIM, S.W.; JHA, R. Supplemental effect of xylanase and mannanase on nutrient digestibility and gut health of nursery pigs studied using both in vivo and in vitro models. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.245, n.11, p.77-90, 2018.
TOLEDO, J.L.A.; LEE, S.A.; MCGHEE, M.L.; MATEOS, G.G.; STEIN, H.H. Intrinsic phytase in hybrid rye increases the digestibility of phosphorus in corn and soybean meal in diets fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, v.98, n.10, p.1-27, 2020.
TORRES-PITARCH, A.; HERMANS, D.; MANZANILLA, E.G.; BINDELLE, J.; EVERAERT, N.; BECKERS, Y.; LAWLOR, P.G. Effect of feed enzymes on digestibility and growth in weaned pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.233, n.11, p.145–159, 2017.
TRINDADE NETO, M.A.; DADALT, J.C.; GALLARDO, C. Nutrient and energy balance, and amino acid digestibility in weaned piglets fed wheat bran and an exogenous enzyme combination. Animal, v.14, n.3, p.1–9, 2019.
TRINDADE NETO, M.A.; GALLARDO, C.; PERNA JUNIOR, F.; DADALT, J.C.; Apparent total and ileal digestibility of rice bran with or without multicarbohydrase and phytase in weaned piglets. Livestock Science, v.245, n.3, p.1-9, 2021.
UPADHAYA, S.D.; PARK, J.W.; LEE, J.H.; KIM, I.H. Efficacy of β-mannanase supplementation to corn-soya bean meal-based diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen, faecal coliform and lactic acid bacteria and feacal noxious gas emission in growing pigs. Archives of Animal Nutrition, v.70, n.1, p.33–43, 2016.
VALINI, G.A.C.; DUARTE, M.S.; CALDERANO, A.A.; TEIXEIRA, L.M.; RODRIGUES, G.A.; FERNANDES, K.M.; VERONEZE, R.; SERÃO, N.V.L.; MONTAVANI, H.C.; ROCHA, G.C. Dietary nucleotide supplementation as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in weaned piglets. Animal, v.15, n.1, p. 100021, 2021.
VANGROENEGHE, F.; POULSEN, K.; THAS, O. Supplementation of a β-mannanase enzyme reduces post-weaning diarrhea and antibiotic use in piglets on an alternative diet with additional soybean meal. Porcine Health Management, v.7, n.8, p.1-11, 2021.
VIEITES, F.M.; SOUZA, C.S.; CASTRO, A.C.S.; DE MELO JÚNIOR, A.M.; FERREIRA, M.H.; FERREIRA, S.E.; OLIVEIRA, G.P. Aditivos zootécnicos na alimentação de suínos–Revisão de Literatura. Brazilian Journal of Development, v.6, n.7, p.45880-45895, 2020.
WANG, Y.; CHEN, X.; HUANG, Z.; CHEN, D.; YU, B.; YU, J.; CHEN, H.; HE, J.; LUO, Y.; ZHENG, P. Dietary Ferulic Acid Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Piglets. Nutrients, v.12, n.12, 1-12, 2020.
WILLAMIL, J.; BADIOLA, E.; DEVILLARD, P.A.; GERAERT, D. Wheat-barley-rye- or corn-fed growing pigsm respond differently to dietary supplementation with a carbohydrase complex. Journal of Animal Science, v.90, n.3, p.824–832, 2012.
WIŚNIEWSKA, Z.; NOLLET, L.; LANCKRIET, A.; VANDERBEKE, E.; PETKOV, S.; OUTCHKOUROV, N.; KASPROWICZ-POTOCKA, M.; ZAWORSKA-ZAKRZEWSKA, A.; KACZMAREK, S. A. Effect os phytase derived from the E.coli appa gene on weaned piglet performance, apparent total tract digestibility and bone mineralization. Animals, v.10, n.1, p.1-10, 2020.
YANG, J.-C.; WANG, L.; HUANG, Y.-K.; ZHANG, L.; MA, R.; GAO, S.; HU, C.-M.; MAAMER, L.; PIERRE, C.; PREYNAT, A.; LEI, X. G.; SUN, L.-H. Effect of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex on the ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in cannulated growing pigs. Animals, v.10, n.8, p.1-7, 2020.
YI, J.; LI, F.; KONG, X.; WEN, C.; GUO, Q.; ZHANG, L.; WANG, W.; DUAN, Y.; LI, T.; TAN, Z.; YIN, Y. Dietary xylo-oligosaccharide improves intestinal functions in weaned piglets Food and Function, v.10, n.5, p.2701-2709, 2019.
YU, J.; YU, G.; YU, B.; ZHANG, Y.; HE, J.; ZHENG, P.; MAO, X.; LUO, J.; HUANG, Z.; LUO, Y.; YAN, H.; WANG, Q.; WANG, H.; CHENG, D. Dietary protease improves growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets fed diets with different levels of soybean meal. Livestock Science, v.241, n.11, p.1-7, 2020.
ZHANG, G.G.; YANG, Z.B.; WANG, Y.; YANG, W.R.; ZHOU, H.J. Effects of dietary supplementation of multi-enzyme on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, small intestinal digestive enzyme activities, and large intestinal selected microbiota in weanling pigs1. Journal of Animal Science, v.92, n.5, p.2063–2069, 2015.
ZHANG, Z.; TUN, H.M.; LI, R.; GONZALEZ, J.M.; KENNES, H.C.; NYACHOTI, C.M.; KIARIE, E.; KHAFIPOUR, E. Impact of xylanases on gut microbiota of growing pigs fed corn- or wheat-based diets. Animal Nutrition, v.4, n.4, p.339-350, 2018.
ZHAXI, Y.; MENG, X.; WANG, W.; WANG, L.; HE, Z.; ZHANG, Z.; PU, W. Duan-nai-an, a yeast probiotic, improves intestinal mucosa integrity and immune function in weaned piglets. Scientific Reports, v.10, n.1, p.1-14, 2020.
ZHOU, H.; YU, B.; CHEN, H.; CHEN, D. Carbohydrates effects on nutrition and health functions in pigs. Animal Science Journal, v.92, n.1, p1-12, 2021.
ZUO, J.; LING, B.; LONG, L.; LI, T.; LAHAYE, L.; YANG, C.; FENG, D. Effect of dietary supplementation with protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and gene expression of weaned piglets. Animal Nutrition, v.1, n.4, p.276-282, 2015.
