FISIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA APLICADA AO CULTIVO DE PEIXES NEOTROPICAIS
Palavras-chave:
Hormônio liberador de gonadotropinas, Ovários, Esteróides gonadaisResumo
A reprodução dos peixes teleósteos é regulada pela interação dos sistemas nervoso e endócrino, e essa interação é realizada pelo eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gônadas (H-H-G). No entanto, sabe-se que os sinais ambientais (fotoperíodo, temperatura, pluviosidade entre outros fatores), são responsáveis por modular este processo. O eixo H-H-G, sintetiza e libera fatores internos (neuro-hormônios e neurotransmissores) e hormônios hipotalâmicos, hipofisários e gonadais que permitem a sincronização dos reprodutores aptos, que com condições ambientais adequadas permitem a reprodução em momento propício, com consequentemente maior sobrevivência da prole. O entendimento da fisiologia do eixo H-H-G tem sido muito importante para compreender os mecanismos regulatórios do controle neuroendócrino da reprodução em peixes teleósteos, possibilitando entender as razões do bloqueio da reprodução em cativeiro (piscicultura), ou quando a interrupção da migração reprodutiva (peixes reofílicos) por barragens é bloqueada, o que pode levar à extinção de espécies endêmicas. Esta revisão abordará o controle fisiológico do eixo H-H-G, com ênfase nas espécies neotropicais nacionais (espécies marinhas e dulciaquícolas) e discutirá as disfunções reprodutivas observadas nestes animais, quando em cativeiro. Neste contexto, a partir deste conhecimento teórico na fisiologia reprodutiva, a aplicação e/ou sugestões de tecnologias com o objetivo de obter sucesso na reprodução de espécies ameaçadas de extinção em cativeiro também serão abordados. É importante salientar que esta revisão não pretende cobrir todo o conhecimento sobre a fisiologia reprodutiva dos peixes teleósteos.
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