MIELOGRAFIA EM CÃES
Palavras-chave:
Mielopatia, hérnia de disco, diagnóstico por imagem, neurologiaResumo
Doenças na medula espinhal causam dor, dificuldade ambulatorial e incontinência urinária, interferindo de forma significativa na qualidade de vida dos animais. A localização clínica das lesões neurológicas, bem como a característica do curso das doenças são de extrema importância na elaboração dos possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais. Para se definir o diagnóstico e tratamento, são necessários exames complementares. Atualmente destacam-se os exames de imagem avançados como tomografia computadorizada (TC) e a ressonância magnética (RM) como possibilidades complementares. Estes exames, entretanto, são pouco disponíveis no Brasil e outros países em desenvolvimento ou estão restritos aos grandes centros urbanos. Desta maneira, técnicas que exijam menor tecnologia e estão mais disponíveis, como mielografia, ainda têm papel fundamental no diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico de afecções medulares em locais nos quais a TC e RM são inacessíveis. Para a realização da mielografia o paciente deve ser submetido à anestesia geral e a punção deve ser feita em condições estéreis em cisterna magna ou em região lombar. O fluir do liquor, o animal movimentar a cauda ou membros, são indícios de que o bisel da agulha está no espaço subaracnóideo e o contraste deve ser administrado. Existem quatro tipos de padrão mielográfico (normal, extradural, intradural-extramedular e intramedular) e cada padrão pode estar relacionado a diferentes tipos de afecção. A administração do contraste no espaço subaracnóideo pode causar inúmeros efeitos adversos, sendo o mais estudado a ocorrência de convulsões após mielografia.
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